Репозиторий Университета

© 2018, Bionika Media Ltd. All rights reserved. Objective. To carry out a systematic analysis of the data available in the literature on rational therapy for vaginal microbiocenotic disorders during combined antibacterial therapy to optimize the use of probiotics. Material and methods. The review includes the data of foreign and Russian articles found in the international system Pubmed. Results. The polymicrobial etiology of the inflammatory process requires combined antibacterial therapy using 2–3 antibiotics, which predisposes to dysbiotic states and the growth of opportunistic pathogens, including Candida fungi. It is advisable to prophylactically take probiotics simultaneously with the initiation of antibiotic therapy, which is more effective than the use of probiotics immediately after completion of an antibiotic therapy cycle. The vagina can be colonized by probiotic bacteria following oral administration if acid-resistant strains of lactobacilli are used. Conclusion. It is expedient to simultaneously take acid-resistant probiotic strains per os during antibiotic therapy in order to restore a normal protective flora and to suppress the opportunistic intestinal microorganisms that are able to colonize the urogenital area.

© 2018 ABC-press Publishing House. All rights reserved. Objective: to compare the predictive value of RENAL, PADUA, C-index nephrometry score systems according to projection of complexity of operative measure in terms of warm ischaemic time, extent of blood loss and rate of postoperative complications. Materials and methods. Information for the research was collected from 314 patients with localized kidney cancer, who had laparoscopic partial nephrectomy from January 2012 to May 2017. In 210 (66.8 %) cases, in addition to the routine examinations, 3D modelling and operative measure planning were carried out. The average tumor volume of the patients was equal to 62.5 ± 33.5 mm3. All patients before the operation were estimated the complexity of operative measure on the nephrometry score systems: PADUA, RENAL, C-index. The average sum of balls according to scale RENAL - 7.56 ± 1.12, on scale PADUA - 7.98 ± 1.55, on scale C-index - 2.76 ± 1.14. Then in retrospect by the method of logistic regression analysis was determined predictive value of RENAL, PADUA, C-index nephrometry score systems for prediction of warm ischaemic time, duration of operative measure, extent of intraoperative blood loss and possibility of rate of postoperative complications. Results. In 265 (84.4) cases transperitoneal approach was perfomed and in 49 (15.6 %) cases it was retroperitoneal approach. The average time of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy is 140.15 ± 55.8 min, the average time of ischaemic warm is 13.35 ± 7,65 min. The average extent of blood loss during the laparoscopic partial nephrectomy is 291.95 ± 196.5 ml. Intraoperative complications were found in 8 (2.54 %) cases. Postoperative complications were estimated according to the Clavien-Dindo classification of surgical complications and were found in 31 (9.9 %) cases, among them 12 (3.8 %) patients had surgical complications. The index of the RENAL nephrometry scoring system had the highest predictive value in the multivariant analysis for warm ischaemic time, extent of intraoperative blood loss and possibility of development after complications (p = 0.049; 0.028; 0.046). None of indices were significant for multivariant analysis of prognosis the duration of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. The indices of the RENAL (p = 0.032) and C-index (p = 0.040) nephrometry score systems were significant for univariate analysis of prognosis the duration of the laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. Conclusion. The usage of RENAL, PADUA, C-index nephrometry score systems is useful for the prediction of warm ischaemic time, extent of blood loss, duration of operative measure and possibility of rate of postoperative complications at laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. According to our data the index of RENAL nephrometry scoring system has the highest predictive value. Applications of 3D modelling for counting nephrometry indices in preoperative period makes the process of counting balls easier on all three nephrometry score systems.

© 2018 Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved. This article is devoted to the life and professional activities of the internationally renowned forensic doctor Ivan Ivanovich Neiding who became widely known in the early youth as the discoverer of the microscopic diagnostic features of the constriction marks formed in association with hanging and strangulation. During more than 22 years (from 1878 till 1900), I.I. Neiding acted as the head of the Department of Forensic medicine at the Moscow University where a large number of investigations on forensic medical ballistics, toxicology, obstetric and gynecological expertise were carried out under his supervision. At the time when I.I. Neiding headed the Department, the academic process was for the first time organized in the form of the specialized studies conducted by concrete specialists. Ivan Ivanovich Neiding himself was actively involved in the practical expert work and participated in the development of the procedural basis of the forensic medical expertise. In the hard times of political reaction, he managed to strengthen the role and position of the Department that was officially redesignated as the research institute.

© Bionika Media Ltd. Objective. To carry out a systematic analysis of the data available in the current literature on the modern view on Trousseau’s syndrome Material and methods. The review included the data of foreign and Russian articles published in the past 10 years and found in e-Library and PubMed on this topic. Results. This paper provides a pathogenetic explanation for the increased thrombotic potential in cancer patients, which underlies tumor growth and metastasis. In addition to direct thrombotic events, the paper also describes hemorrhagic complications resulting from systemic coagulopathy, including disseminated intravascular coagulation, hemolytic thrombotic microangiopathy, and excessive fibrinolysis. Conclusion. At present, any manifestation of thrombohemorrhagic complications in patients with malignant tumors can be classified as a paraneoplastic syndrome (Trousseau’s syndrome). In addition to Virchow’s classic triad, hyperproduction of tissue factor (TF), the main initiator of the extrinsic coagulation pathway, underlies the pathophysiology of Trousseau’s syndrome. At the same time, the substantial release of microparticles from TF-bearing tumor cells is critical not only for clot formation, but also for the progression of tumor growth.

© 2018, Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved. Objective. To study the association between proinflammatory cytokine genes and depression. Material and methods. IL-1B С-511T and TNF-a G-308A gene polymorphisms were studied in patients diagnosed with depression and age and sex-matched healthy controls. Results and conclusion. The IL-1B С-511T and TNF-a G-308A polymorphisms were associated with depression; CC genotype (р=0,001, OR=1.9 CI 1,3—2,7) and GG genotype (р=0,001, OR=3,0 CI 1,8—4,9) were the risk factors. The results suggest that immune factors may play a role in the development of depression. The authors highlight the role of clinical polymorphism of depression that makes it difficult to form homogenous groups of patients and to select phenotypes for biological studies.

© 2018 ABC-press Publishing House. All rights reserved. Background. The high recurrence rate after conventional transurethral resection (cTUR) for bladder cancer (BC) requires search for more effective methods of surgical treatment. Objective: to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of cTUR versus thulium laser en bloc resection of bladder tumors using new fiber laser "Urolaz". Materials and methods. 129 patients, who underwent surgical treatment for BC between 2015-2017 in urological department of I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University were included in the study. The cTUR were performed for 58 patients, 71 patients underwent thulium laser en bloc resection of bladder tumors. Results. The presence of detrusor muscle in specimen was 58.62 % in cTUR group and 91.55 % in thulium laser en bloc resection group respectively. Obturator nerve reflex, bladder perforation, and bleeding in thulium laser en bloc resection group were absent, therefore immediate instillation of chemotherapy was made in all these cases. Recurrence rate after 12 and 18 months after surgery in the group of en bloc resection was statistically lower compared to the cTUR group. Conclusion. The results, obtained in our study shows that thulium en bloc resection using thulium fiber laser "Urolaz" is feasible, effective and safe procedure for patients with BC. Thulium en bloc resection has a number of advantages over the cTUR: Absence of obturator nerve reflex, high quality of specimen for pathological examination (presence of detrusor muscle in specimen was 91.55 %) and low recurrence rate.

© 2018 Stavropol State Medical University. All rights reserved. The review considers the basic principles of recovery after exercise in professional and amateur sports. Restoration of the body is the return of physical parameters to the initial values, increasing the adaptive capacity after performing physical work. Proper recovery after exercise helps avoid problems such as physical fatigue, lack of nutrient intake, injuries of various severity, dehydration, etc. A number of factors influence the human body during recovery: a balanced diet, adequate rest and sleep, psychological and emotional unloading, gymnastics, massage, contrast shower and others. Comprehensive rehabilitation programs in sports should include methods with proven effectiveness, take into account the individual characteristics of the athlete and the dominant form of physical activity, and consider the recovery period as an integral part of the entire training plan.

© 2018 Stavropol State Medical University. All rights reserved. Activity of CYP3A4 cytochrome P450 was examined in 90 patients with I-III functional classes of chronic heart failure (CHF) before and after the seven-day intravenous administration of Ethylmethylhydroxypyryridine malate (Ethoxidol) 100 mg/day. There was a statistically significant increase of CYP3A4 cytochrome P450 activity evaluated by urinary 6-β-hydroxycortisol/cortisol ratio in patients with I, II and III functional classes of CHF after seven day intravenous administration of 100 mg/day Ethylmethylhydroxypyryridine malate.

© by Irina Ovchinnikova 2018. The paper presents analysis of the hesitations in adolescents' narratives. The speech disfluencies in the adolescents differ from those of the adults by frequency of self-corrections and pauses of hesitation. The adolescents rarely turn to repair their narratives but often interrupt the speech flow by pauses while telling a story stimulated by a wordless book. The lack of self-corrections reflects the specific problems with self-control and self-regulation due to immaturity of the executive function. Narrating about a complex multi-propositional event, the adolescents often experienced hesitation that provoked more self-repairs and hesitation pauses compared to the telling the story about a simple event. The description of the relatively simple content was more complicated syntactically than that of the multi-propositional event. Meanwhile, the content complexity significantly influences frequency of the silent hesitation pauses.

© 2018 Publishing House of the Union of Pediatricians. All rights reserved. Background. Solid tumors in children are one of the most common childhood malignancy, second only to hemoblastosis. Among solid tumours, about 5% are bone sarcomas: osteosarcoma (3%) and Ewing's sarcoma (2%). Atypicality of the these diseases course makes an early diagnosis a real challenge. Case Reports. The article presents six clinical observations of patients with bone sarcomas. We demonstrate the difficulties in diagnosing of this disease group which is associated with the absence of both specific symptoms and distinct clinical picture. Conclusion. Pediatricians and pediatric surgeons should take into account the possibility of atypical course of bone sarcomas in children. Low cancer alertness is the reason for a significant delay in establishing the correct diagnosis which contributes to the tumour process generalization and reduces the chances of achieving remission while increasing the cost of treating such patients.

© 2018 Publishing House of the Union of Pediatricians. All rights reserved. The article presents the text of the authors' report at the plenary session of the XX Congress of Pediatricians of Russia (dated February 16, 2018) dedicated to the centenary of the Soviet state mother and child welfare system. The features of its formation and development were described. The most important achievements in the field of child health care were outlined. Attention is focused on the personalities of the first facilitators of pediatric healthcare in Soviet Russia. Authors summarise the findings resulting from the history of the Soviet pediatric service.

© 2018 Publishing House of the Union of Pediatricians. All rights reserved. Atopic dermatitis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by a recurring course and progressive decrease in the quality of life. Recent studies in this area demonstrate the multifaceted pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Interaction of such factors as epidermal dysfunction, immune system disorders, and the consequences of genetic mutations contributes not only to the development of the disease but also to its progression and chronic course. The article presents various components of the etiopathogenesis of atopic dermatitis, describes the role of lipids, thereby the new therapeutic targets are revealed to specialists.

© Russian Association of Endocrinologists, 2018. This review examined the current problem of low adherence to treatment in patients with chronic diseases, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus. According to the definition of the World Health Organization, 'adherence to treatment' is the degree to which a patient's behaviour corresponds to the doctor's recommendations with respect to medications and implementation of dietary advice and/or lifestyle changes. The current medical literature includes a large number of scientific publications devoted to the study of various factors that lead to low adherence to treatment. The term 'barriers' is most often used to designate these factors. The first part of this work contains an analysis of the main factors that impede compliance to the doctor's recommendations, such as socioeconomic and psychological (personal) barriers related to the disease itself, the peculiarities of its treatment and the organisation of medical care (the health care system). The second part of this review examines the different theoretical models of patient behaviour and strategies that improve adherence to treatment. Most researchers believe that there is an unsatisfactory (low) adherence to treatment and that none of the existing intervention strategies can improve adherence to treatment among all patients. The cornerstone of the entire diabetes management system is the training of patients within the framework of developed structured programmes. Conversely, success depends on the individual approach, the course of the disease and the mandatory consideration of the individual psychological characteristics of each person. Establishment of a partnership built on trust between a doctor and a patient contributes to greater patient satisfaction with treatment and improved adherence, and this relationship ultimately affects the treatment efficacy and clinical outcomes.

© 2018 Media Sphera Publishing Group. All Rights Reserved. Aim - the objective of the present work was to analyze the data obtained in a study involving a group of patients presenting with recurrent deep vein thrombosis and/or bleeding who had been treated with the use of vitamin K antagonists. Material and methods. A total of 116 patients presenting either with recurrent deep vein thrombosis (n=10) or bleeding that developed while patients had been on the therapy with vitamin K antagonists were enrolled in the study. We performed clinical and instrumental examination as well as laboratory testing of the hemostatic system. All the patients received warfarin during 6 months or longer with 32 of them taking this medication to prevent deep vein thrombosis and the remaining 84 for the treatment of various cardiac diseases. The results of the clinical, instrumental, and laboratory studies provided a basis for the choice of the treatment strategies. Results. Sixty seven of the 116 patients were treated non-surgically while 27 patients were operated (25 urgently and two within 2 days after the admission to the hospital). 20 patients underwent endoscopic hemostasis, in two others the hematoma was punctured under ultrasound guidance. Eight patients presenting with recurrent deep vein thrombosis received the conservative treatment reduced to the correction of anticoagulation therapy (they were first switched from warfarin to heparins with the subsequent resumption of warfarin treatment using the individually adjusted doses of the drug). Two patients with free-floating thrombi in the main veins required the surgical intervention to prevent pulmonary embolism. The conservative treatment of the patients with bleedings included the withdrawal of warfarin together with the simultaneous administration of vitamin K1, fresh frozen plasma, and prothrombin complex concentrate in different combinations taking into consideration the results of clinical examination and laboratory testing. The conservative treatment was successful in all the cases. No severe complications, life-threatening conditions or death were documented. Conclusion. The patients receiving vitamin K antagonists are at enhanced risk of both a relapse of venous thromboembolism and bleedings. The timely started and appropriate management can prevent the severe complications.

Copyright © 2018 Institute of Computer Science. The paper proposes a mathematical model for the therapy of glioma, taking into account the blood-brain barrier, radiotherapy and antibody therapy. The parameters were estimated from experimental data and the evaluation of the effect of parameter values on the effectiveness of treatment and the prognosis of the disease were obtained. The possible variants of sequential use of radiotherapy and the effect of antibodies have been explored. The combined use of radiotherapy with intravenous administration of mab Cx43 leads to a potentiation of the therapeutic effect in glioma. Radiotherapy must precede chemotherapy, as radio exposure reduces the barrier function of endothelial cells. Endothelial cells of the brain vessels fit tightly to each other. Between their walls are formed so-called tight contacts, whose role in the provision of BBB is that they prevent the penetration into the brain tissue of various undesirable substances from the bloodstream. Dense contacts between endothelial cells block the intercellular passive transport. The mathematical model consists of a continuous part and a discrete one. Experimental data on the volume of glioma show the following interesting dynamics: after cessation of radio exposure, tumor growth does not resume immediately, but there is some time interval during which glioma does not grow. Glioma cells are divided into two groups. The first group is living cells that divide as fast as possible. The second group is cells affected by radiation. As a measure of the health of the blood-brain barrier system, the ratios of the number of BBB cells at the current moment to the number of cells at rest, that is, on average healthy state, are chosen. The continuous part of the model includes a description of the division of both types of glioma cells, the recovery of BBB cells, and the dynamics of the drug. Reducing the number of well-functioning BBB cells facilitates the penetration of the drug to brain cells, that is, enhances the action of the drug. At the same time, the rate of division of glioma cells does not increase, since it is limited not by the deficiency of nutrients available to cells, but by the internal mechanisms of the cell. The discrete part of the mathematical model includes the operator of radio interaction, which is applied to the indicator of BBB and to glial cells. Within the framework of the mathematical model of treatment of a cancer tumor (glioma), the problem of optimal control with phase constraints is solved. The patient's condition is described by two variables: the volume of the tumor and the condition of the BBB. The phase constraints delineate a certain area in the space of these indicators, which we call the survival area. Our task is to find such treatment strategies that minimize the time of treatment, maximize the patient's rest time, and at the same time allow state indicators not to exceed the permitted limits. Since the task of survival is to maximize the patient's lifespan, it is precisely such treatment strategies that return the indicators to their original position (and we see periodic trajectories on the graphs). Periodic trajectories indicate that the deadly disease is translated into a chronic one.

© 2018 Media Sphera Publishing Group. All Rights Reserved. Surgical treatment of posterior cranial fossa and cerebellopontine angle tumors is associated with a risk of facial nerve dysfunction. The causes for facial muscle paresis include nerve compression by the tumor, destruction of the nerve structure by the tumor growing from nerve fibers, nerve injury during surgical removal of the tumor, etc. The first 3 months after facial nerve injury are a potential therapeutic window for the use of botulinum toxin type A (BTA). During this period, the drug is introduced both in the healthy side to improve the facial symmetry at rest and during mimetic movements and in the affected side to induce drug-induced ptosis. Post-paralytic syndrome develops 4-6 months after facial nerve injury. At this stage, administration of BTA is also an effective procedure; in this case, drug injections are performed on the affected side at small doses and symmetrically on the healthy side at doses doubling those for the affected side. BTA injections are mandatory in complex treatment of facial muscle paralysis.

© 2018 Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved. Phospholipase D (PLD) is one of the key enzymes that catalyzes the hydrolysis of cell membrane phospholipids. In this review current knowledge about six human PLD isoforms, their structure and role in physiological and pathological processes is summarized. Comparative analysis of PLD isoforms structure is presented. The mechanism of the hydrolysis and transphosphatidylation performed by PLD is described. The PLD1 and PLD2 role in the pathogenesis of some cancer, infectious, thrombotic and neurodegenerative diseases is analyzed. The prospects of PLD isoform-selective inhibitors development are shown in the context of the clinical usage and the already-existing inhibitors are characterized. Moreover, the formation of phosphatidylethanol (PEth), the alcohol abuse biomarker, as the result of PLD-catalyzed phospholipid transphosphatidylation is considered.

© 2018 Vitebsk State Medical University. All rights reserved. This clinical case demonstrates the development of severe streptococcal (Streptococcus pyogenes) necrotizing soft tissue infection as a result of perforation of the sigmoid neoplasm. The rapidly progressive necrotic process in the soft tissues of the lumbar and gluteal region as well as necrotic process in the left thigh (with the predominant lesion of the superficial fascia, subcutaneous fat and skin) led to the formation of an extensive postnecrectomic wound defect with an area of more than 1000 square centimeters. In addition to the severity of illness, the patient's belated treatment and the underestimation of the clinical situation by surgeons who provided emergency care contributed to such an extensive spread of the pathological process. The development of sepsis was accompanied by severe multiple organ failure. Because of the severity of the patient's condition, the surgical removal of the sigmoid neoplasm extended in the abdomen wall became possible only after its stabilization as a result of surgical focal sanation and complex intensive therapy in the conditions of the ICU. The most important point of the stage-by-stage surgical treatment was the choice of methods for the plastic closure of an extensive postnecrectomic wound that involved the entire left gluteal region, part of the lumbar and antero-inner surface of the left thigh. Taking into account the size and localization of the defect, the plastic reserves of the surrounding skin, the wound was closed in three stages with the help of combined plastic surgery techniques: with local tissues by the method of tissue expansion and a split-thickness skin graft.

© 2018 Vitebsk State Medical University. All rights reserved. Objective: To study the ultrastructural changes in the liver mitochondria in experimental diffuse purulent peritonitis against the background of the metabolic support. Methods: The morphometric evaluation of the rabbit liver mitochondria electron microscopic images (n=55) was performed in experimental diffuse purulent peritonitis. The obtained electron diffraction patterns were estimated using the ImageJ 1.45s program, in which the number of mitochondria sections, the number of intermithochondrial contacts and the number of damaged and intact mitochondria were counted. The average area, perimeter, and specific volume (measured in %) were calculated for the undamaged mitochondrial profiles. Metabolic agents with energotropic properties, phosphocreatine preparations containing creatine phosphate and preparations containing the succinic acid, niacinamide, inosine diphosphate and riboflavin were used. Results: Electron microscopic analysis of mitochondria of hepatocytes made it possible to reveal significant changes in their structure, caused by the development of purulent peritonitis. Morphometric evaluation of electron diffraction patterns showed changes in the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of mitochondria: the ratio of the damaged and intact mitochondria, their size, perimeter and specific volume of all groups. The use of metabolic support permitted to reduce the negative effect of purulent peritonitis in the postoperative period, which is exerted on the liver mitochondria, in comparison with the control group of animals that did not receive any metabolic support. Conducting a comparative analysis revealed a higher efficacy of the metabolic agent containing the succinic acid, niacinamide, inosine diphosphate and riboflavin, which resulted in more intensive restoration of the mitochondrial membrane structure. Conclusions: The development of purulent peritonitis is accompanied by a violation of the ultrastructural organization of the liver mitochondria in all studied groups. Metabolic correction allows restoring the membrane structure of mitochondria, and as the result improving the energy supply of cells to combat the negative consequences of endotoxicosis in peritonitis.

© 2018 Vitebsk State Medical University. All rights reserved. Objective: To study the functional activity and cytoarchitectonics of neutrophilic granulocytes by the atomic force microscopy technique in the patients with mechanical jaundice of benign genesis of varying severity. Methods: The subject of the study were 92 patients aged from 47 to 69 years undergoing the in-patient treatment in the surgical departments of medical institutions in Krasnoyarsk with the diagnosis of mechanical jaundice of benign genesis. The control group consisted of 60 donors, comparable in sex and age with the main group. Depending on the severity of mechanical jaundice, luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of neutrophils was investigated and atomic-force microscopy of neurophilic granulocytes was performed to determine the shape, membrane state, geometric dimensions and adhesion forces of the blood neutrophils. Results: In patients with mechanical jaundice, the intensity of spontaneous chemiluminescence depends on the severity of mechanical jaundice. The kinetics of the chemiluminescent response of the peripheral blood neutrophils indicates an increase in the compensatory functional capacity of this cell population in case of mild degree of mechanical jaundice severity with their depletion in parallel with the increase in the severity of mechanical jaundice. Atomic force microscopy revealed violations of the structural organization of the neutrophil granulocyte. With increasing severity of mechanical jaundice, neutrophil became convex in shape, the number of segments of the nucleus increased, the cell membrane became irregular, the neutrophil volume reached 62.20 + 5.94 m3. The magnitude of the adhesion forces of neutrophils decreased by 25% in patients with class B severity of mechanical jaundice and by 31% with class C severity of mechanical jaundice. Conclusions: Based on the analysis of the chemiluminescent activity of neutrophilic granulocytes and their cytoarchitectonics, we concluded that the functional capabilities of neutrophilic granulocytes in mechanical jaundice are depleted in parallel with the increase in the severity of mechanical jaundice. Dysfunctions of neutrophils in mechanical jaundice are caused by the change in its cytoarchitectonics and by the decrease in adhesion forces.