Репозиторий Университета

© 2018 Vitebsk State Medical University. All rights reserved. The acute mesenteric ischemia is one of the most complex problems in the urgent surgery because of the high mortality, the cause of which is late diagnosis. The operation treatment is often provided in the phase of diffuse peritonitis. This literature review is done in order to identify the most accessible and accurate methods of early diagnosis of the acute mesenteric ischemia. At present time rather a small number of biomarkers for diagnosing the acute mesenteric ischemia are used, such as α-glutamate-S-transferase, D-dimers, procalcitonin, D-lactate, intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), ischemia-modified albumin. According to the literature the highest sensitivity and specificity were found in I-FABP (75-85% and 70-80% respectively), α-glutamate-S-transferase (67.8% and 84.2%), ischemia-modified albumin (94.7% and 86.4%). In addition, expensive and invasive methods are currently used for early diagnosis, such as CT angiography, contrast-enhanced MRI, selective angiography. However, these technologies are not available to all medical institutions. We should continue further search of various biomarkers and their more widespread introduction to clinical practice in order to solve the problem of early acute mesenteric ischemia diagnostics.

© 2018 Elsevier Inc. The use of herbal remedies for various medical issues is becoming increasingly commonplace in all fields of medicine, and dermatology is no exception. This review focuses on traditional dermatologic herbal remedies, commonly used in Russia, as the rich array of 11 different plant zones has resulted in a great variety of medicinal plants. Herbal remedies warrant deeper investigation and research, especially due to their active substance content, which may interfere with or reinforce the effect of modern medications, something that medical professionals should be aware of when prescribing treatments. Although there are a great number of traditional herbal treatments in Russia, only the most commonly used and known treatments and applications will be described as an introduction to the field, which has had many books of varying quality written about it. The preparation and application of treatments for vitiligo, pyodermas, parasitic and infectious skin diseases, acne, dermatitides, rosacea, hyperpigmentation, rhytides, psoriasis, and hyperhidrosis are discussed.

© 2018 Effect of glycation by methylglyoxal on prion protein (PrP) structure and properties was evaluated. Modification of arginine at 27-position into a hydroimidazolone derivative was confirmed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry; circular dichroism spectra and tryptophan fluorescence showed some structural changes, while the hydrodynamic diameter of PrP was not affected by glycation. Glycated PrP formed large amorphous aggregates instead of intermediate oligomers; seeding of glycated PrP by mature fibrils led to a decreased formation of amyloid structures.

© 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. Our study confirmed the capacity of S. pyogenes strains to form biofilms on abiotic surfaces. Chains of streptococci surrounded by bluish film were seen under a microscope after alcian blue staining of the preparations grown on slides. On ultrathin sections in transmission electron microscope, the extracellular matrix (indicator of biofilm maturity) became visible after staining with alcian blue. Microscopy of the sections shows structures characteristic of a biofilm in spaces between the cells. Scanning electron microscopy also demonstrates the presence of a biomembrane. Importantly that type 1M strain forming in fact no membranes when cultured on plastic plates (Costar) formed biofilms on the glass. It seems that the conditions for the biofilm formation on the plastic and on the glass differ, due to which the exopolymeric matrices formed on different surfaces vary by biochemical composition.

© 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. We evaluated the efficacy of rat olfactory ensheathing cells in the therapy of experimental cysts of the spinal cord. Improvement of the motor function of the hind limbs after transplantation of the olfactory ensheathing cells into the posttraumatic spinal cord cysts rats was found. We also determined the required number of cells for transplantation and demonstrated a neuroprotective effect of this dosage. For further clinical studies, autologous tissue-specific cell preparation of olfactory ensheathing cells has to be created. Cell therapy in combination surgical and pharmacological treatment will substantially improve the quality of life of patients with posttraumatic spinal cord cysts.

© 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. The Plazon device is a generator of exogenous nitric oxide. Endogenous nitric oxide has an antimicrobial effect; it stimulates macrophages and induction of cytokines, T-lymphocytes, and a number of immunoglobulins. It also has cytotoxic or cytoprotective properties depending on the conditions. The Plazon device proved its high clinical and economic effectiveness for treatment of peritonitis caused by diseases and injuries of the upper urinary tract.

© 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) are widely used in medical practice. LMWHs are produced using various methods of controlled depolymerization of unfractionated heparin (UFH). Herein, a method for radiation-induced destruction of aqueous heparin solutions using a 60Co gamma-irradiation source is presented. The optimal conditions for depolymerization of starting heparin were found. The anticoagulant activity of LMWHs was studied as a function of irradiation dose. The results allowed this LMWH production method to be recommended for development of new anticoagulants.

© 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. Purpose: CO2 laser transoral microsurgery for glottic carcinoma, when indicated, has the well-established advantages of low morbidity and positive oncological outcomes. The present study aims to determine how patient age, and tumor site could negatively impact prognosis; other variables such as the status of the margins of resection, tobacco and alcohol intake, and the grade of differentiation of the tumors have been evaluated. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis on 261 patients with a glottic carcinoma who underwent CO2 laser transoral microsurgery. The impact of different variables was calculated using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: The study included 248 males and 13 females. The median follow-up period was 4.3 years. Five-year disease-specific survival, recurrence-free survival, local control with laser alone, overall laryngeal preservation, and overall survival rates were 99.4, 92.2, 93.8, 97.6, and 85.5%, respectively. Equivalent results were observed in young and elderly patients. Patients with positive margins after CO2 laser transoral microsurgery showed a reduced local control with laser alone. T2 patients with true subglottic spreading and patients with anterior commissure involvement of grade 3 (Rucci’s classification) experienced worse local control rates, despite free surgical margins confirmed by histology. Conclusions: CO2 laser transoral microsurgery is an effective and reproducible single-stage modality therapy for young and elderly patients with glottic carcinoma. Superficial close margins can be managed by a careful wait-and-see policy, while positive margins should undergo surgical enlargement. In our experience, undifferentiated tumors, true subglottic extension, and anterior commissure involvement of grade 3 were associated with worse outcomes.

© 2018, Pleiades Publishing, Inc. DNA isolation is a routine procedure when performed in laboratory environment, yet in the field it may still remain problematic. This is especially true of some crop species bred for useful metabolites that may also hinder DNA extraction. Here we compare the efficiency of DNA extraction protocols and commercial DNA isolation kits when used on samples from Helianthus and Allium. Since extraction of DNA is known to be compromised by co-extraction of PCR-inhibiting metabolites, the isolation of DNA was followed by PCR as a testing procedure for the isolation step. The MagnoPrime Fact and MagnoPrime Uni DNA isolation kits were better suited for field work due to faster processing times and smaller required amount of starting material (20 mg fresh/0.5 mg dry). In all cases the subsequent PCR managed to amplify the DNA fragments of interest well enough to be useful in further research.

© 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. Objective. To study the association between the kynurenine-3-monooxygenase (KMO) gene and depression. Materials and methods. Polymorphic loci rs2275163 (C/T) and rs1053230 (A/G) of the KMO gene were studied in patients with depression (study group) and mentally healthy subjects of comparable gender and age (control group). Results and conclusions. The rs2275163 polymorphism was not associated with depression. An association between the rs1053230 polymorphism and depression was found. The frequency of the GG genotype, linked with lower KMO activity and increased kynurenic acid levels in patients with endogenous psychoses, was greater in the study group than the control group (p = 0.001, OR 2.8 (95% CI 1.73–4.24). thus, the GG genotype can be regarded as a risk allele for developing depression.

© 2018 Molecular modeling, synthesis, and activity evaluation of a novel positive allosteric modulator of the AMPA receptor, 6-[4-methoxy-3-(1H-pyrazol-1-ylmethyl)benzyl]-1,11-dimethyl-3,6,9-triazatricyclo[7.3.1.13,11]tetradecane-4,8,12-trione, are presented. The main point of the design was to fill the interdomain cavity of GluA2 ligand binding domains based on the cyclothiazide binding mode. Electrophysiological studies showed high potentiation of the kainate-induced currents (pECmax ∼ 12).

© 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. The article describes a new method of treatment of pathological integumentary tissues by controlled shock-wave destruction. The controlled destruction is achieved by micro-explosions of finely dispersed particles applied to the pathological tissue surface and exposed to laser radiation. The method is implemented using laser radiation within the transparency range of biological tissues (0.6-1.1 μm) and a suspension of particles absorbing laser radiation in this range. Thermochemical reaction in the exposure zone leads to release of thermal and mechanical energy and results in destruction of biological tissues precisely in the area of application of the laser absorbing suspension. The mechanism of the shock wave effect combines several factors, including the prevailing acousto-mechanical component leading to radical explosive destruction of the superficial structures of tissues. An important distinctive feature of the method is that it allows the depth of the shock-wave effect to be controlled by varying the radiation intensity. In contrast to the well-known laser-based methods, the method suggested in this work allows the depth of the shock-wave effect to be decreased by increasing the laser radiation intensity.

© The Author(s) 2017. Medical Council on Alcohol and Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of evidence based treatments for alcohol-induced psychotic disorder (AIPD) as described by ICD-10 and DSM-5, a condition that is distinct from schizophrenia and has a close relationship with alcohol withdrawal states. Method: Systematic review using PRISMA guidelines. Results: Of 6205 abstracts found, fifteen studies and ten case reports met criteria and were examined. Larger studies examined the use of first-generation antipsychotic drugs, reporting full or partial remission in most patients. Newer case reports report similar results using second generation antipsychotic drugs. Novel treatments, such as those acting on GABA receptors reported low numbers of patients in remission. Some large studies report the successful use of standard alcohol withdrawal treatments. Conclusion: The findings of our systematic review are inconclusive. There was significant heterogeneity between and within studies. Significant publication bias is likely. Randomized control trials of more carefully delineated samples would produce evidence of greater clinical utility, for example, on differential effectiveness of antipsychotics and optimal length of standard alcohol withdrawal treatments. AIPD patients who show poor treatment responses should be studied in greater depth. Short Summary: This systematic review of alcohol-induced psychotic disorder treatment found 15 studies and 10 case reports of relevance. Older studies of first-generation antipsychotics reported full or partial remission in most patients, as did newer studies with second-generation antipsychotics. Novel drugs reported low remission rates. Standard alcohol withdrawal treatments were successful.

© 2018, EDRA S.p.A. All rights reserved. Background. Asthma is a common childhood respiratory disease, affecting around 20% of Irish children. In other populations, vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms have been associated with asthma risk. We aimed to investigate the association between 2 VDR polymorphisms and uncontrolled paediatric asthma. Methods. 44 asthmatic children and 57 healthy volunteers were studied. The VDR TaqI gene variant in exon 9 (T/C) (rs731236) and ApaI (rs7975232) in intron 8 (C/T) were determined, using TaqMan® Assays. The lung function, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels and other biomarkers of allergy, immunity, airway and systemic inflammation were assessed. Results. The distribution of T and C alleles and genotype frequencies differed significantly between asthmatics and controls for both polymorphisms (p < 0.05). A significant association was found between both TaqI (OR = 2.37, 95% CI (1.27 - 4.45), p = 0.007) and ApaI polymorphisms, and asthma risk (OR = 2.93, 95% CI (1.62 - 5.3), p = 0.0004). No association was observed between genotypes and 25OHD levels, lung function and other biomarkers, with the exception of Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and white blood cells count (WBC). IL-10 levels were lower in asthmatics with TC genotype for TaqI polymorphism (p < 0.01) and were higher in patients with TT genotype for ApaI (p < 0.01). WBC were higher in patients with TC and CC genotypes for TaqI (p < 0.05) and lower in TT genotype for ApaI (p < 0.05). Conclusion. TaqI and ApaI polymorphisms are associated with asthma in Irish children. Further studies are warranted to investigate the importance of decreased IL-10 levels in paediatric asthmatics with specific genotypes.

© 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. A polyextract consisting of the extracts of the five title plants shows a marked prostate-protective effect in experimental chronic prostatitis. The pharmacotherapeutic efficacy of the phytoextract gives a basis to recommend its use in complex treatment and prophylaxis of prostatitis.

© 2018 Elsevier Inc. Sport-related injury patterns among Para athletes have been described with increasing frequency. This review summarizes musculoskeletal injuries in Para athletes. Seated Para athletes sustain upper extremity injuries more commonly; ambulant Para athletes frequently sustain lower extremity injuries. The upper extremity is the most commonly injured anatomic area in all Para athletes, unlike able-bodied athletes. Advanced age and spinal cord injury may increase the risk of upper extremity injury. Injury data for recreational and youth Para athletes are sparse. Summarizing current injury epidemiology data may help to accelerate the development of injury prevention strategies and lifetime injury models for Para athletes.

© 2018 Counterfeit medicines of ‘high quality’ are the most difficult to detect as they have the same chemical composition as the genuine ones, but they are produced by underground manufacturers who violate technological regulations. Our approach is to consider a remedy as a whole object, taking into account the complex composition of APIs, excipients and manufacturing conditions. For rapid testing, the Near Infrared (NIR)-based approach is applied. It entails the acquisition of NIR spectra and processing of the collected data using a modern one-class classifier method called data driven soft independent modeling by class analogy (DD-SIMCA). We present an exemplary analysis of the suspected drugs, which have the same designation and a very similar chemical composition to the brand of a widely used medication used to treat allergies. We recognized the counterfeits using a model that had been previously developed and stored in a library for everyday monitoring in drugstores. We also describe the steps taken in development and validation of DD-SIMCA library models. In the case under consideration, the NIR-based analysis reveals 100% of counterfeits, and this result surpasses the results of the routine compedial tests. Additionally, we present a new instrument, VisCam, that is used in visual analysis of the primary and secondary packages. This instrument combines a tenfold web-camera with different light sources. It is shown that VisCam helps to reveal hidden violations in the primary and secondary packages.

© 2018, Pleiades Publishing, Inc. This is the first study to observe a 25% atrophy of m. vastus lateralis and a decrease in the size of type I and II muscle fibers (by 35 and 44%, respectively) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in women after five to seven years of alcohol intoxication. The decrease in muscle volume is due to the predominant destruction of contractile apparatus as compared with other components.

© 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. We created an anisotropic material based on collagen sponge and reactive polylactide structured by laser photopolymerization. The combination of collagen with reactive polylactide improves the resistance of the formed matrices to biodegradation in comparison with collagen sponge, while the existence of sites with different mechanical characteristics and cell affinity on the matrix provides directed cell growth during their culturing. It was shown that reinforcement of the collagen sponges 7-fold increased the mean Young’s modulus for the hybrid matrix without affecting its cytotoxicity. The developed matrix provides cell adhesion and proliferation along reinforcement lines and can be used for fabrication of tissue engineering constructs.

© 2018, Springer Japan KK, part of Springer Nature. Spray drying is appropriate for the preservation of halophilic microorganisms due to the nature of these microorganisms, as they survive in adverse environmental conditions by being encapsulated in salt crystals. Artificial neural networks were in this study used to optimize practically significant spray-drying regimes of the C50-carotenoids producer Halobacterium salinarum. Immediately after drying, the samples contained up to 54% halobacterial biomass and less than 5% moisture, and the level of preservation of carotenoids was 95–97%. The storage of biomass at 4 °C resulted in the gradual degradation of the carotenoids, which reached 58–64% in the best samples after 1 year. A comprehensive study of changes in halobacteria biomass after spray drying and the nature of the damage provided new data on the survival and preservation of cells and biologically active substances in the various spray-drying regimes and at different storage times.