Репозиторий Университета

© 2018 Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved. The objective of the present study was to determine the minimal and maximum volume of blood droplets freely falling from various droplet-forming surfaces and to characterize the specific morphological features of the resulting stains. The experiments were designed so that the blood droplets were allowed to fall down from the height of 10 cm to 1.5 m. The drop volume varied from 5 mcl to 134 mcl depending on the shape of the objects and the area of the droplet-forming surfaces. The size of the blood stains ranged from 0.4 to 2.4 cm. The stains of a smaller size were regarded as splashes while a stain resulting from the fall of a droplet having a volume greater than 200 mcl was considered to be a result of merging of several droplets and was termed «blood volume». The morphological features of the blood stains of different volume are described.

© 2018, V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology. All rights reserved.  Modifiers of membranes cause local defects on the cell surface. Measurement of the rigidity at the sites of local defects can provide further information about the structure of defects and mechanical properties of altered membranes. The purpose of the study: a step-by-step study of the process of a nonlinear deformation of red blood cells membranes under the effect of modifiers of different physico-chemical nature. Materials and methods. The membrane deformation of a viscoelastic composite erythrocyte construction inside a cell was studied by the atomic force spectroscopy. Nonlinear deformations formed under the effect of hemin, Zn 2+ ions, and verapamil were studied. Results. The process of elastic deformation of the membrane with the indentation of a probe at the sites of local defects caused by modifiers was demonstrated. The probe was inserted during the same step of the piezo scanner Δz displacement; the probe indentation occured at the different discrete values of Δh, which are the functions of the membrane structure. At the sites of domains, under the effect of the hemin, tension areas and plasticity areas appeared. A mathematical model of probe indentation at the site of membrane defects is presented. Conclusion. The molecular mechanisms of various types of nonlinear deformations occurring under the effect of toxins are discussed. The results of the study may be of interest both for fundamental researchers of the blood cell properties and for practical reanimatology and rehabilitology.

© 2018 Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved. This article presents an overview of the literature publications concerning pathological changes in the cerebral blood vessels and the factors underlying the development of hemorrhagic complications leading to sudden death of young people. The special emphasis is placed on the most important causes behind the changes in the vascular wall (including the congenital ones) responsible for the high risk of rupture of the intracerebral vessels associated with the development of hemorrhagic complications.

© 2018 Istituto Superiore di Sanita. All Rights Reserved. Parkinson disease is one of the common age-related motor neurodegenerative diseases, in which dopamine neurons degeneration is considered to be pathognomic for the development of motor disfunction. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a member of the neurotrophin family, which is considered to be a key regulator of neuronal plasticity. BDNF, being a large molecule, does not pass through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Synthetic polymer nanoparticles (NP), covered by surfactant, provide the phenomenon of “Trojan hoarse” and enable BDNF to penetrate into the brain tissue. For modelling of parkinsonism we used an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) which was injected to the C57BL/6 mice with subsequest treatment with normal saline (group 1), BDNF (group 2), nanoparticulate BDNF (group 3) and surfactant-coated nanoparticulate BDNF (group 4). After 90 min, 24 hours, 72 hours and 7 days manifestations of parkinsonism were evaluated using behavioural tests of open field, rota-rod, assessment of the tremor, length of the body and pace. At the end of experiment the brain was sampled for histological evaluation of changes in the striatum and midbrain and concentration of BDNF in the brain tissues. The results of the experiments demonstrated that nanoparticulate BDNF covered with surfactant significanltly reduced rigidity of the skeletal muscles, oligokinesia and tremor, and also significantly increased BDNF concentration in the brain tissues.

© Ima-Press Publishing House. All rights reserved. Objective: to investigate the effect of indapamide/perindopril fixed-dose combination (FC) on 24-hour blood pressure (BP) and cognitive functions in antihypertensive treatment-naive middle-aged patients with uncomplicated grade 1-2 essential arterial hypertension (EAH). Patients and methods. The open prospective study enrolled 25 patients (9 men and 16 women) aged 40-59 years with a diastolic BP of 90-109 mm Hg and/or a systolic BP of 140-179 mm Hg, as evidenced by routine measurements. As starting antihypertensive therapy, the patients received indapamide 1.25/perindopril 5 mg FC once daily in the morning; if necessary, after 2 weeks (if the routine blood pressure was ≥140/90 mm Hg) they took indapamide 2.5/perindopril 10 mg once daily in the morning. The follow-up period was 14-16 weeks. Before and at the end of the follow-up, the patients underwent 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) and evaluation of cognitive functions using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), ten-words test (immediate and delayed word recall), verbal association test (literal and categorical associations), number connecting test (Trail making test (TMT), part A and numbers and letters connecting test (TMT) part B), and Stroop test. Results. At the end of the follow-up period, treatment with indapamide/perindopril fixed-dose combination showed a statistically significant reduction in BPs, as evidenced by routine measurements and ABPM (during 24-hour, and awake and sleep periods); a statistically significant cognitive improvement: an increase in the number of the so-called words in the ten-words test during both immediate (from 5.5±1.6 6.5±1.5 words; p=0.02 vs baseline) and delayed (from 6.2±1.7 to 7.4±1.4 words; p=vs baseline) recalls, a decrease in the performance time of TMT-B (from 112.6±42.5 to 90.4±28.4 sec; p=0.02) and Stroop test Part 3 (from 135.5±50.1 to 112.6±19.6 sec; p=0.02), and a larger number of called words in the categorical associations test (from 6.5±2.4 to 8.1±2.9 words; p=0.02). Conclusion. The results obtained indicate that in treatment-naive middle-aged patients with EAH, indapamide/perindopril fixed-dose combination assures an effective reduction in BPs, as evidenced by routine measurements and ABPM, also improves cognitive functions, particularly attention, information processing speed, semantic memory, cognitive flexibility, and short-term and long-term memory.

© 2018 Russian Transplant Society. All rights reserved. Aim. To evaluate the functioning of an implantable pediatric axial pump «DON-3» for bypassing the left ventricle of the heart in experiments on sheep. Materials and methods. Five sheeps at the age of 12–18 months performed paracorporeal installation of the children’s axial pump «DON-3» according to the scheme «left ventricle – aorta». Results. A technique was developed and 5 chronic experiments were conducted on sheep to assess the model of the children’s axial pump «DON-3». The duration of the experiments in this series averaged 9 ± 5 days. The main indicators of hemodynamics, acid-base balance were within the norm. Conducted morphological and histological studies of the kidneys, liver and lungs did not reveal the presence of zones of ischemia and thromboembolism. Conclusion. The results of this series of experiments showed satisfactory results, suggesting further research on the development of prototypes of a pediatric pump for clinical practice.

© 2018 Nutritec. All rights reserved. Specialized sports nutrition is one of the most important factors in the extension of the functional potential of athletes, providing adaptive resistance to physical stress, which determines the high physical performance and prolongs athletic longevity of the athletes. The study involved 30 skiers-racers (the average age of 19.5±1.8 years). 12 skiers of the main group within 21 days consumed a specialized food product, obtained on the basis of fermented milk whey containing amino acids, several vitamins, minerals and trace elements, live culture of lactic acid bacteria: L. lactis, L. thermophilus, L. bulgaricus (1.2 × 10s CFU/cm3). The control group consisted of 18 skiers, those taking the placebo (food starch of the same consistency). After a course of product intake, blood level of hemoglobin increased by 6%, of leukocytes - by 10% due to an increase in the number of granulocytes by 32%, and segmented neutrophils by 16% (p<0.05), there was a tendency to increase the number of red blood cells by 7% with a significant decrease in lymphocyte count by 19%. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate in blood of the skiers from the comparison group increased by 41% (p<0.05), while in the athletes of the main group it decreased by 16% (p>0.05). After product intake it has been established by the method of laser Dopplerflowmetry that there was a tendency to increase blood perfusion by 15%, a statistically reliable increase in the flux by 53%, which is based on the improvement of the internal mechanisms of microcirculation regulation. According to the mathematical analysis of cardiac rhythm, centralization of regulation decreased while the activity of an autonomous mechanism for controlling the work of the heart increased. The revealed functional changes ensured an increase of absolute (by 31%, p<0.05) and relative (by 33%, p<0.05) physical performance and aerobic endurance of skiers, contributed to the improvement of short-Term memory. The conclusion is made about the expediency of the intake of the specialized food product to enhance the adaptive capacity of athletes under the influence of systematic physical loads.

© 2018 Ima-Press Publishing House. All rights reserved. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a promising non-invasive method to assess cerebral perfusion, which identifies a decrease in cerebral blood flow (CBF). Objective: to assess cerebral perfusion in middle-aged untreated patients with uncomplicated grade 1-2 hypertension compared to same-age healthy controls. Patients and methods. 33 patients with essential hypertension and 40 healthy individuals (a control group) at the age of 40-59 years were examined. 24-hour blood pressure (BP) monitoring and brain magnetic resonance imaging were performed in different modes (T1 MPRAGE, T2 TSE, T2 FLAIR, DTI, and ASL). Results. White matter hyperintensive changes were found in 7.5% of the healthy individuals and in 51.5% of the hypertensive patients (p = 0.0002). In hypertensive patients, CBF in the cortical plate of anterior frontal regions was significantly (p ( 0.001) lower than that in the controls: right CBF, 39.1±5.6 and 45.8±3.2 ml/100 g/min, respectively; left CBF, 39.2±6.2 and 45.2±3.6 ml/100 g/min, respectively. In hypertensive patients with white matter hyperintensive changes, CBF was significantly lower than that in the controls: right CBF, 38.5±5.9 ml/100 g/min (p = 0.0001); left CBF, 39.2±6.7 ml/100 g/min (p = 0.002), and in those without these changes, right CBF was 39.5±5.1 ml/100 g/min (p = 0.0002); left CBF was 38.9±4.3 ml/100 g/min (p = 0.00002). Correlation analysis revealed significant inverse correlations of CBF with BP and systolic BP variability. Conclusion. Lower cerebral perfusion occurs in middle-aged untreated patients with uncomplicated grade 1-2 hypertension even in the absence of white matter hyperintensity foci.

© 2018 Stolichnaya Izdatelskaya Kompaniya. All rights reserved. The urgency of the problem of orthostatic hypotension (OH) has increased in recent years. It was due to the high prevalence and its adverse effect on the prognosis and quality of life of patients, especially the elderly and oldest old. The purpose of this review was to summarize the contemporary domestic and foreign literature data about disease. The article presents an updated definition of OH, modern classification, pathophysiology, feature of the course of OH in the elderly, recommendations for diagnosis and treatment. Particular attention is paid to reviewing the results of scientific research on the influence of OH on the risk of developing coronary and cerebrovascular events and overall mortality. OH is one of the forms of orthostatic tolerance and diagnostic criteria were determined by the 2011 Consensus as a sustained fall of systolic blood pressure by at least 20 mm Hg and/or a diastolic blood pressure by 10 mm Hg within 3 min of standing. The prevalence of OH ranges depending on the age of the patients and the presence of a number of concomitant diseases: from 6% in healthy people without arterial hypertension up to 50% or more in people older than 75 years with a comorbid pathology. OH is an independent predictor of overall mortality and adverse cardiovascular events. OH is associated with an increased risk of serious adverse cerebrovascular and coronary events, and may also contribute to cognitive impairment and the development of dementia. For today, we have three clinical options OH: classical, early and delayed OH. In addition, OH is classified based on etiology-primary and secondary; and pathophysiological principle-neurogenic OH and not a neurogenic OH (or functional). The algorithm for identifying patients with a high risk of development of OH and diagnostic methods are also presented. Non-medicamentous and medicamentous methods of OH treatment are considered.