Репозиторий Университета

© 2020 Cigarette butts (CBs) represent the most common, though poorly biodegradable, type of waste on Earth. Thrown on the soil surface, they can remain unchanged for years, poisoning surrounding ecosystems with toxins accumulated during the smoking process. However, there is practically no data on the effect of smoked CBs on soil biota or soil animals in particular, nor on the potential of edaphic fauna to facilitate their decomposition. One of the most promising agents among soil animals are earthworms, which are known to be beneficial in the processes of recalcitrant organic matter degradation and stimulation of microbial activity in detrital food webs. In a microcosm experiment with the sod podzolic soil, we aimed at testing the effect of the commonly cultured epigeic earthworm Eisenia fetida (Savigny 1826) on the biodegradation rate of CBs and the possible adverse effects of this waste on the species. The experiment had a full-factorial design with three categorical predictors: CB number (0, 1 and 3 per microcosm); smoking condition (smoked and unsmoked CBs) and two levels of earthworm amendment (0 and 4 per microcosm). During 70 days of the experiment, we did not observe any smoked CB-induced mortality of earthworms. The addition of E. fetida significantly increased the CB mass loss across all treatment combinations. Specifically, earthworms improved the decomposition rate from 30 to 36% (p < 0.05), on average. However, this improvement was mainly associated with CB paper wrapping consumption. The inhibition of CO2 emission in microcosms with CBs and earthworms suggested the direct consumption of this waste by E. fetida, rather than modulation of the degradation potential of a microbial community. E. fetida appears to thus be a moderately promising agent for CB biodegradation with the simultaneous reduction in carbon loss from soil through the microbial channel in the studied soil type. These results open perspectives for the further evaluation of the role of soil macroinvertebrates in recalcitrant organic waste management in general and CBs in particular. We demonstrated that earthworms can efficiently decompose smoked and unsmoked cigarette butts regardless of their toxic potential and simultaneously reduce associated microbial activity.

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Web-surveys are one of the most popular forms of primary data collection used for various researches. However, mass surveys involve some challenges. It is required to consider different platforms and browsers, as well as different data transfer rates using connections in different regions of the country. Ensuring guaranteed data delivery in these conditions should determine the right choice of technologies for implementing web-surveys. The paper describes the solution to transfer a questionnaire to the client side in the form of an archive. This technological solution ensures independence from the data transfer rate and the stability of the communication connection with significant survey filling time. The conducted survey benefited the service of education psychologists under the federal Ministry of Education. School psychologists consciously took part in the survey, realizing the importance of their opinion for organizing and improving their professional activities. The desire to answer open-ended questions in detail created a part of the answers in the dataset, where there were several sentences about different aspects of professional activity. An important challenge of the problem is the Russian language, for which there are not as many tools as for the languages more widespread in the world. The survey involved 20,443 school psychologists from all regions of the Russian Federation, both from urban and rural areas. The answers did not contain spam, runaround answers, and so on as evidenced by the average response time. For the surveys, an authoring development tool DigitalPsyTools.ru was used. Dataset: http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/m32kz6jjcx.1 Dataset License: CC-BY-4.0.

© 2020, Ecozone, OAIMDD. All rights reserved. The article presents the historical stages of the formation and development of the ideas of Deontology and medical ethics and highlights the world community‟s interest in relevant problems of Bioethics. The principles of ethical-deontological relations are shown on the example of priest-doctors‟ difficult but at the same time vivid life path. The priests presented in the article are great personalities in world history.

© 2020, Ecozone, OAIMDD. All rights reserved. The article presents the historical stages of the formation and development of the ideas of Deontology and medical ethics and highlights the world community‟s interest in relevant problems of Bioethics. The principles of ethical-deontological relations are shown on the example of priest-doctors‟ difficult but at the same time vivid life path. The priests presented in the article are great personalities in world history.

© 2020, Ecozone, OAIMDD. All rights reserved. The article presents the historical stages of the formation and development of the ideas of Deontology and medical ethics and highlights the world community‟s interest in relevant problems of Bioethics. The principles of ethical-deontological relations are shown on the example of priest-doctors‟ difficult but at the same time vivid life path. The priests presented in the article are great personalities in world history.

© 2020, Ecozone, OAIMDD. All rights reserved. The article presents the historical stages of the formation and development of the ideas of Deontology and medical ethics and highlights the world community‟s interest in relevant problems of Bioethics. The principles of ethical-deontological relations are shown on the example of priest-doctors‟ difficult but at the same time vivid life path. The priests presented in the article are great personalities in world history.

© 2020, Ecozone, OAIMDD. All rights reserved. The article presents the historical stages of the formation and development of the ideas of Deontology and medical ethics and highlights the world community‟s interest in relevant problems of Bioethics. The principles of ethical-deontological relations are shown on the example of priest-doctors‟ difficult but at the same time vivid life path. The priests presented in the article are great personalities in world history.

© 2020, Ecozone, OAIMDD. All rights reserved. The article presents the historical stages of the formation and development of the ideas of Deontology and medical ethics and highlights the world community‟s interest in relevant problems of Bioethics. The principles of ethical-deontological relations are shown on the example of priest-doctors‟ difficult but at the same time vivid life path. The priests presented in the article are great personalities in world history.

© 2020, Ecozone, OAIMDD. All rights reserved. The article presents the historical stages of the formation and development of the ideas of Deontology and medical ethics and highlights the world community‟s interest in relevant problems of Bioethics. The principles of ethical-deontological relations are shown on the example of priest-doctors‟ difficult but at the same time vivid life path. The priests presented in the article are great personalities in world history.

© 2020, Ecozone, OAIMDD. All rights reserved. The article presents the historical stages of the formation and development of the ideas of Deontology and medical ethics and highlights the world community‟s interest in relevant problems of Bioethics. The principles of ethical-deontological relations are shown on the example of priest-doctors‟ difficult but at the same time vivid life path. The priests presented in the article are great personalities in world history.

© 2020, Ecozone, OAIMDD. All rights reserved. The article presents the historical stages of the formation and development of the ideas of Deontology and medical ethics and highlights the world community‟s interest in relevant problems of Bioethics. The principles of ethical-deontological relations are shown on the example of priest-doctors‟ difficult but at the same time vivid life path. The priests presented in the article are great personalities in world history.

© 2020, The Author(s). This narrative review was conducted to synthesize and summarize available up-to-date evidence on current health status, including both non-communicable diseases and infectious diseases, of migrants and refugees from the former Soviet Union countries in the Russian Federation. Epidemiological and sociological studies with one or more determinants of the health, as well as relevant qualitative studies characterizing risk factors, well-being indicators, and lifestyles of migrants and refugees from the former Soviet Union countries in Russia published from 2004 to 2019 in Russian and English languages were included in the review. Despite significant limitations of the available research literature in the field, some patterns in migrants’ health in Russia and issues that need to be addressed were identified. In particular, the syndemic epidemics of communicable and non-communicable diseases, additively increasing negative health consequences, including cardiovascular diseases and chronic digestive system diseases, high rates of sexually transmitted infections and HIV, respiratory diseases and a growing percentage of new tuberculosis cases among migrants from the former Soviet Union countries are all of great concern. Possibly, the burden of these co-occurring morbidities is linked to commonly reported issues among this population group, such as poor nutrition and living conditions, high prevalence of unskilled manual labour, non-compliance with sanitary norms, lack of basic vaccinations, lack of basic knowledge about safe sexual practices and risky sexual behaviour, low healthcare seeking behaviour and limited access to health care. Importantly, these findings may urge the government to increase efforts and promote international collaboration in combating the threat of infectious diseases. Additionally, it was found that migrants had higher levels of anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder, and those who stayed in the receiving country 5 years or more had a higher level of somatic pathology than those whose stay was less than 5 years. In order to ensure an adequate health system response and fulfil the main Universal Health Coverage principle of “leaving no one behind”, a robust monitoring system of the health status of refugees and migrants and an integrated legal framework for the standardized and more inclusive routine care for this population in Russia is urgently needed.

© 2020, Ecozone, OAIMDD. All rights reserved. The article presents the historical stages of the formation and development of the ideas of Deontology and medical ethics and highlights the world community‟s interest in relevant problems of Bioethics. The principles of ethical-deontological relations are shown on the example of priest-doctors‟ difficult but at the same time vivid life path. The priests presented in the article are great personalities in world history.

© 2020, Ecozone, OAIMDD. All rights reserved. The article presents the historical stages of the formation and development of the ideas of Deontology and medical ethics and highlights the world community‟s interest in relevant problems of Bioethics. The principles of ethical-deontological relations are shown on the example of priest-doctors‟ difficult but at the same time vivid life path. The priests presented in the article are great personalities in world history.

© 2020, Ecozone, OAIMDD. All rights reserved. The article presents the historical stages of the formation and development of the ideas of Deontology and medical ethics and highlights the world community‟s interest in relevant problems of Bioethics. The principles of ethical-deontological relations are shown on the example of priest-doctors‟ difficult but at the same time vivid life path. The priests presented in the article are great personalities in world history.

© 2020, Ecozone, OAIMDD. All rights reserved. The article presents the historical stages of the formation and development of the ideas of Deontology and medical ethics and highlights the world community‟s interest in relevant problems of Bioethics. The principles of ethical-deontological relations are shown on the example of priest-doctors‟ difficult but at the same time vivid life path. The priests presented in the article are great personalities in world history.

© 2020, Ecozone, OAIMDD. All rights reserved. The article presents the historical stages of the formation and development of the ideas of Deontology and medical ethics and highlights the world community‟s interest in relevant problems of Bioethics. The principles of ethical-deontological relations are shown on the example of priest-doctors‟ difficult but at the same time vivid life path. The priests presented in the article are great personalities in world history.

© 2020 Elsevier B.V. Background: Photoimmunotherapy (PIT) is an emerging method of cancer treatment based on the use of a photosensitizer near-infrared dye IRDye700DX (IR700) conjugated to a monoclonal antibody. The antibody selectively delivers IR700 to cancer cells, which can then be killed after photoexcitation. Glypican-1 (GPC-1) is a novel target expressed specifically in malignant tumors. We aimed to investigate whether anti-GPC-1 antibody Miltuximab® (Glytherix Ltd., Sydney, Australia) can be conjugated with IR700 for PIT of solid tumors. Methods: The dye IR700 was conjugated with Miltuximab® and characterized by spectrophotometry and flow cytometry. Miltuximab®-IR700-mediated PIT was tested in prostate (DU-145), bladder (C3 and T-24), brain (U-87 and U-251) and ovarian (SKOV-3) cancer cell lines. After 1 h incubation with Miltuximab®-IR700, the cells were washed by PBS and illuminated using a 690-nm light-emitting diode. The viability of the cells was assessed by a CCK-8 viability kit 24 h later. Results: Miltuximab®-IR700-mediated PIT caused 67.3–92.3% reduction in viability of cells with medium-high GPC-1 expression and did not affect the viability of GPC-1-low cells. Cytotoxicity was attributed to the targeted binding of the conjugate with subsequent photoactivation, as the conjugate or light exposure alone had no effect on the cell viability. Miltuximab®-IR700 did not induce cytotoxicity in cells blocked by unconjugated Miltuximab®. Conclusions: PIT with Miltuximab®-IR700 appears to be highly specific and effective against GPC-1-expressing cancer cells, indicating that it holds promise for an effective and safe treatment of early stage solid tumors or as adjuvant therapy following surgical resection. These findings necessitate further investigation of PIT with Miltuximab®-IR700 in other GPC-1-expressing cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo in xenograft tumor models.

© 2020, Ecozone, OAIMDD. All rights reserved. The article presents the historical stages of the formation and development of the ideas of Deontology and medical ethics and highlights the world community‟s interest in relevant problems of Bioethics. The principles of ethical-deontological relations are shown on the example of priest-doctors‟ difficult but at the same time vivid life path. The priests presented in the article are great personalities in world history.

© 2020 Elsevier B.V. Background: Photoimmunotherapy (PIT) is an emerging method of cancer treatment based on the use of a photosensitizer near-infrared dye IRDye700DX (IR700) conjugated to a monoclonal antibody. The antibody selectively delivers IR700 to cancer cells, which can then be killed after photoexcitation. Glypican-1 (GPC-1) is a novel target expressed specifically in malignant tumors. We aimed to investigate whether anti-GPC-1 antibody Miltuximab® (Glytherix Ltd., Sydney, Australia) can be conjugated with IR700 for PIT of solid tumors. Methods: The dye IR700 was conjugated with Miltuximab® and characterized by spectrophotometry and flow cytometry. Miltuximab®-IR700-mediated PIT was tested in prostate (DU-145), bladder (C3 and T-24), brain (U-87 and U-251) and ovarian (SKOV-3) cancer cell lines. After 1 h incubation with Miltuximab®-IR700, the cells were washed by PBS and illuminated using a 690-nm light-emitting diode. The viability of the cells was assessed by a CCK-8 viability kit 24 h later. Results: Miltuximab®-IR700-mediated PIT caused 67.3–92.3% reduction in viability of cells with medium-high GPC-1 expression and did not affect the viability of GPC-1-low cells. Cytotoxicity was attributed to the targeted binding of the conjugate with subsequent photoactivation, as the conjugate or light exposure alone had no effect on the cell viability. Miltuximab®-IR700 did not induce cytotoxicity in cells blocked by unconjugated Miltuximab®. Conclusions: PIT with Miltuximab®-IR700 appears to be highly specific and effective against GPC-1-expressing cancer cells, indicating that it holds promise for an effective and safe treatment of early stage solid tumors or as adjuvant therapy following surgical resection. These findings necessitate further investigation of PIT with Miltuximab®-IR700 in other GPC-1-expressing cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo in xenograft tumor models.