Репозиторий Университета

© 2019, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. Abstract: A one-step selective method based on the hydrosilylation of 2,5-norbornadiene with commercially available silanes in the presence of a Pd-catalyst and bulky ligand R-MOP is developed for the synthesis of exo-isomers of silicon-containing norbornenes. This approach leads to the formation of exclusively exo-isomers. The absence of the steps of alkylation with organometallic reagents and photochemical isomerization makes the proposed approach attractive for the targeted design and synthesis of new polymeric materials with the required properties.

© Yu.I. OSMANOV1, Zh.A. GAIBOV, E.A. KOGAN, S.G. RADENSKA-LOPOVOK, Kh.Z. TURSUNOV. The molecular subtypes of urothelial carcinoma in each classification scheme have characteristic immunohistochemical features. At the same time, the results of conducted studies often demonstrate a discrepancy between the genomic profile of urothelial carcinoma and its immunophenotype, which complicates the immunohistochemical verification of the molecular subtypes of these tumors. Objective - to compare the morphological and immunophenotypic characteristics of the molecular subtypes of urothelial carcinoma. Material and methods. Surgical specimens from 196 patients diagnosed with urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis and bladder were investigated. Paraffin-embedded sections were immunohistochemically examined using the standard protocol. Antibodies against CK5/6, CK17, Rb1 (Dako), CK14, CK18, CK20, Cyclin D1, Cyclin E1, Cyclin A, Cyclin B, Chromogranin, E-Cadherin, P-Cadherin, p16, Uroplakin II, TUBB2B, Vimentin, ZEB-2 («Novocastra»), CD44, GATA-3, and Uroplakin III («Cell Marque») were used. Results. Out of 68 (35%) superficial papillary urothelial carcinomas, 24 (12%) tumors constituted Molecular Class I and 12 (6%) and 32 (16%) ones did Molecular Classes II and III, respectively. Of the 128 (65%) muscle-invasive urothelial carcinomas, 57 (29%) tumors were referred to as the luminal-papillary molecular subtype, and 24 (12%) and 14 (7%) were as the luminal-infiltrated and luminal molecular subtypes, respectively. The basal squamous molecular subtype was verified in 31 (16%) neoplasms and the neuronal phenotype was detected in 2 (1%) cases. Conclusion. Most pT1 tissues correspond to Molecular Class II. In the muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma group, the neoplasms with a luminal phenotype predominate over the tumors with basal and neuronal phenotypes.

© 2019 The authors. Estrogens may affect bone growth locally or systemically via the known estrogen receptors ESR1, ESR2 and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1). Mouse and human growth plate chondrocytes have been demonstrated to express GPER1 and ablation of this receptor increased bone length in mice. Therefore, GPER1 is an attractive target for therapeutic modulation of bone growth, which has never been explored. To investigate the effects of activated GPER1 on the growth plate, we locally exposed mouse metatarsal bones to different concentrations of the selective GPER1 agonist G1 for 14 days ex vivo. The results showed that none of the concentrations of G1 had any direct effect on metatarsal bone growth when compared to control. To evaluate if GPER1 stimulation may systemically modulate bone growth, ovariectomized C57BL/6 mice were treated with G1 or β-estradiol (E2). Similarly, G1 did not influence tibia and femur growth in treated mice. As expected, E2 treatment suppressed bone growth in vivo. We conclude that ligand stimulation of GPER1 does not influence bone growth in mice.

© 2019, Advanced Scientific Research. All rights reserved. A topical problem in traumatology is the choice of treatment methods for ankle fractures. The consideration of the anatomical and functional features of the ankle, condition of soft tissues in the area of fractures and the degree of edema in the ankle region is of great importance when choosing a particular treatment method. Therefore, reducing the degree of surgical aggression during surgical treatment of these injuries is an important task.. The aim of this study was to examine the possibilities of improving the results of surgical treatment of patients with ankle fractures with minimally invasive osteosynthesis technologies. This study presents the experience of treating 62 patients with fractures of the ankle joint. Two statistically homogeneous groups of patients with ankle fractures were identified. In one group, osteosynthesis with minimally invasive osteosynthesis techniques was used in 34 patients; in the other, osteosynthesis was performed in a conventional manner in 28 patients. A comparative analysis of the immediate and long-term results of treatment of patients in the study groups was carried out. The advantage of closed technology of osteosynthesis was proved. The preservation of the blood supply to the surrounding soft tissues with closed osteosynthesis provides a greater likelihood of fracture fusion, therefore the only condition in such cases is to eliminate the interposition of soft tissues in the area of lateral and medial ankle fractures.. The analysis of the obtained immediate and remote results of osteosynthesis in the two groups showed the best efficiency when using minimally invasive closed metal implantationtechnologies, especially when there are skin problems in the area of the injured ankle joint.

© 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston. Altered cardiac geometry affects a proportion of fetuses with growth restriction (FGR). The aim of this study was to explore the hemodynamic factors associated with cardiac remodeling in late FGR. This was a prospective study of singleton pregnancies complicated by late-onset FGR undergoing assessment of left (LV) and right (RV) ventricular sphericity-index (SI). The study population was divided in two groups according to the presence of cardiac remodelling, defined as LVSI <5th centile. The following outcomes were explored: Gestational age at birth, birthweight, caesarean section (CS) for fetal distress, umbilical artery (UA) pH and neonatal admission to special care unit. The differences between the 2 groups in UA pulsatility index (PI), middle cerebral artery (MCA) PI, uterine artery PI, cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) and umbilical vein (UV) flow corrected for fetal abdominal circumference (UVBF/AC) were tested. In total, 212 pregnancies with late FGR were enrolled in the study. An abnormal LV SI was detected in 119 fetuses (56.1%). Late FGR fetuses with cardiac remodeling had a lower birthweight (2390 g vs. 2490; P = 0.04) and umbilical artery pH (7.21 vs. 7.24; P = 0.04) and were more likely to have emergency CS (42.8% vs. 26.9%; P = 0.023) and admission to special care unit (13.4% vs. 4.3%; P = 0.03) compared to those with normal LVSI. No difference in either UA PI (p = 0.904), MCA PI (P = 0.575), CPR (P = 0.607) and mean uterine artery PI (P = 0.756) were present between fetuses with or without an abnormal LV SI. Conversely, UVBF/AC z-score was lower (-1.84 vs.-0.99; P ≤ 0.001) in fetuses with cardiac remodeling and correlated with LV (P ≤ 0.01) and RV SI (P ≤ 0.02). Fetal cardiac remodelling occurs in a significant proportion of pregnancies complicated by late FGR and is affected by a high burden of short-term perinatal compromise. The occurrence of LV SI is independent from fetal arterial Dopplers while it is positively associated with umbilical vein blood flow.

© 2019 Joule Inc. Background: Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are complex mental disorders, and their etiology is still not fully understood. This paper reviews the literature on diffusion tensor imaging studies in patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa to explore the usefulness of white matter microstructural analysis in understanding the pathophysiology of eating disorders. Methods: We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to identify diffusion tensor imaging studies that compared patients with an eating disorder to control groups. We searched relevant databases for studies published from database inception to August 2018, using combinations of select keywords. We categorized white matter tracts according to their 3 main classes: projection (i.e., thalamo–cortical), association (i.e., occipital–parietal–temporal–frontal) and commissural (e.g., corpus callosum). Results: We included 19 papers that investigated a total of 427 participants with current or previous eating disorders and 444 controls. Overall, the studies used different diffusion tensor imaging approaches and showed widespread white matter abnormalities in patients with eating disorders. Despite differences among the studies, patients with anorexia nervosa showed mainly white matter microstructural abnormalities of thalamo–cortical tracts (i.e., corona radiata, thalamic radiations) and occipital–parietal–temporal–frontal tracts (i.e., left superior longitudinal and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculi). It was less clear whether white matter alterations persist after recovery from anorexia nervosa. Available data on bulimia nervosa were partially similar to those for anorexia nervosa. Limitations: Study sample composition and diffusion tensor imaging analysis techniques were heterogeneous. The number of studies on bulimia nervosa was too limited to be conclusive. Conclusion: White matter microstructure appears to be affected in anorexia nervosa, and these alterations may play a role in the pathophysiology of this eating disorder. Although we found white matter alterations in bulimia nervosa that were similar to those in anorexia nervosa, white matter changes in bulimia nervosa remain poorly investigated, and these findings were less conclusive. Further studies with longitudinal designs and multi-approach analyses are needed to better understand the role of white matter changes in eating disorders.

© 2019 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH  &  Co. KGaA, Weinheim Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a non-plant-cell manipulation through a transfer of energy by means of light sources at the non-ablative or thermal intensity. Authors showed that cytochrome-c-oxidase (complex IV) is the specific chromophore's target of PBM at the red (600-700 nm) and NIR (760-900 nm) wavelength regions. Recently, it was suggested that the infrared region of the spectrum could influence other chromospheres, despite the interaction by wavelengths higher than 900 nm with mitochondrial chromophores was not clearly demonstrated. We characterized the interaction between mitochondria respiratory chain, malate dehydrogenase, a key enzyme of Krebs cycle, and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, an enzyme involved in the β-oxidation (two mitochondrial matrix enzymes) with the 1064 nm Nd:YAG (100mps and 10 Hz frequency mode) irradiated at the average power density of 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25 and 1.50 W/cm2 to generate the respective fluences of 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 J/cm2. Our results show the effect of laser light on the transmembrane mitochondrial complexes I, III, IV and V (adenosine triphosphate synthase) (window effects), but not on the extrinsic mitochondrial membrane complex II and mitochondria matrix enzymes. The effect is not due to macroscopical thermal change. An interaction of this wavelength with the Fe-S proteins and Cu-centers of respiratory complexes and with the water molecules could be supposed.

© 2019 Elsevier Ltd The widespread application of laser devices requires development of new protections against light pulses of high intensity. This problem is relevant because of the danger of hitting the civil aviation pilots with bright and powerful radiation originating from the laser sources which are widely used in the everyday life. Therefore, this work is devoted to continuing our research on a new class of macroheterocyclic compounds – thermally and chemically stable J-type phthalocyanine dimers as potential nonlinear absorbers for optical limiting technology. The dimeric complexes of magnesium (1a) and zinc (1b) were covalently bonded to single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) to improve the overall characteristics of the potential optical limiters 2a,b as compared to the previously studied corresponding dyes in solutions. The conjugates obtained were investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM), as well as Raman and IR spectroscopy to confirm formation of the covalent binding of phthalocyanine macrocycles with the carbon surface. Open-aperture Z-scan and a fixed limiter location experiments have demonstrated low values of the limiting threshold and high degree of attenuation of the input laser radiation with the pulses duration located in the nanosecond range.

© 2019 American Society for Photobiology Zinc pyrithione is ubiquitous in commercial products particularly antidandruff shampoos. For the efficacy of zinc pyrithione therapeutic cleansers to be assessed accurately, the distribution of particles on the scalp needs to be visualized. Currently, no technique is available which provides the chemical specificity and sensitivity required. Here, we report application of fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) for high-contrast mapping of zinc pyrithione distribution on the scalp. Characterization of the zinc pyrithione emission by using both one-photon excitation at five specific wavelengths and two-photon excitation in the range of 740–820 nm revealed its FLIM fingerprint—a characteristic short average time-weighted emission lifetime of ΤZnPT = 250 ps. Bandpass-filtering FLIM signals at ΤZnPT enabled an efficient discrimination between the zinc pyrithione and major endogenous skin species in comparison with that of the conventional reflectance confocal microscopy. Our findings provide means for in vivo high-sensitivity assaying and high-contrast imaging of zinc pyrithione in biological systems.

The characteristic feature of molecular medicine as medicine based on molecular structure of human genome data, is its individual character. It is focused on correcting pathological process in specific individual considering unique characteristics of its genome. The other most important feature is its expressed preventive direction. The complete genome information can be obtained well before the onset of disease. The appropriate preventive measures can completely eliminate or significantly prevent development of severe disease. The establishment of gene network of every multi-factorial disease, identification of central genes and genes-modifiers in it, analysis of association of their alleles with disease, development on this basis of set of preventive measures for specific patient constitute conceptual and methodological basis of predictive medicine. As a result of the examination, information can be obtained concerning particular risk of disease development. The physician, considering the results of molecular genetic analysis, elaborates tactics of pathogenetically justified preventive therapy, i.e. corrects congenital metabolic defect.

The article analyzes the indicators of population reproduction on the example of the Kostroma region, presents the dynamics of the main medical and demographic indicators of the region: age structure of the population, mortality, fertility, migration, marriage and divorce rates, as well as the starting positions for overcoming reproductive and demographic disadvantages.

© 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. Fibers of bacterial cellulose were obtained for the first time from solutions in N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO) by using the concept of solid-phase dissolution of bacterial cellulose. The mechanism of solid-phase dissolution of bacterial cellulose in NMMO is examined with due regard to the structural and morphological characteristics of native bacterial cellulose. By investigating the structure of the fibers it was possible to reveal the different orientation of the main diffraction planes of the outer shell and inner part of the fiber reflecting the structural aspect of the shell–core morphology. The fibrillar morphology of the fiber was established by scanning electron microscopy. The thermal characteristics of the fibers of bacterial cellulose differ radically from the characteristics of fibers of plant origin in the preponderance of condensation processes that produce exo effects on the thermograms and lead to increase of the carbon residue. The mechanical characteristics of the obtained fibers were characterized.

© 2019, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. Abstract—: Using the commercial derivative of norbornene—5-ethylidene-2-norbornene—a series of three isomeric homopolymers with different structure of the backbone is synthesized, and the effect of the chain structure on the gas-transport behavior of polynorbornenes is studied. The gas-transport characteristics of the polymers are presented together with data on the conformation properties of molecules of addition and metathesis polynorbornenes. The effect of the structure of side substituents on the equilibrium rigidity of addition polynorbornenes is confirmed by the example of poly(5-ethylidene-2-norbornene) and poly(5-vinyl-2-norbornene).

© 2019, Advanced Scientific Research. All rights reserved. The failure of the pelvic floor (NTD) is a common syndrome in the modern female population, in which there is a combined or isolated prolapse of the pelvic floor and pelvic organs. In the study, tissues of the vaginal walls of 20 patients were studied by pelvic floor failure using light microscopy, PCR diagnostics, and immunohistochemistry before and after treatment with contact diathermy method. The results of the study of the material obtained after a course of diathermic treatment indicate compensation of chronic oxidative stress at the molecular level by leveling the imbalance of collagen and elastin and restoring the architectonics of the vaginal wall.

© 2019, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. Abstract: Histone-like protein HU is a dimeric nucleoid-associated protein (NAP). HU is the most conserved NAP. It binds nonspecifically to duplex DNA with a preference for targeting nicked and bent DNA. HU limits the architecture of the bacterial nucleoid and its deletion is lethal for Bacillus subtilis and Mycoplasma genitalium which do not contain other NAPs. E. coli lacking HU is viable but has numerous growth defects. The effects of the HU protein on gene expression is known from microarray analysis and HU regulons were identified. In HU-deficient E. coli, absence of this DNA architectural protein causes a disorder in gene regulation; on the other hand, E. coli growth under standard conditions is almost unaltered in the absence of HU. To understand how the bacterium confronts the chromosomal disorder, we performed proteome analysis to compare protein abundances in cells containing the HU protein or not. Comparison of the proteomic profile of wild-type and HU-deficient E. coli shows how the altered gene expression influences the protein content. We show that proteome profile changes are very similar to the gene expression profile changes in HU-deficient E. coli. Several exceptions show that proteome studies are very important.

© 2019 The Authors Eighty years after the last published record of human leishmaniasis from Dagestan, Russian Federation, we report two recent cases which were most probably acquired locally: one case of visceral leishmaniasis in a 2-year old child, and one cutaneous leishmaniasis case in a 39-year-old man co-infected with HIV, both resident in Dagestan.

© 2019 Elsevier B.V. We present the synthesis and cytotoxic potencies of new Pt(IV) complexes with lonidamine and bexarotene ligand tethered to Pt-center via a succinate-ethylenediamine linker. The in vitro results for a series of complexes with cisplatin, dichloride(ethane-1,2-diamine)platinum(II), or oxaliplatin core indicate that the addition to the structure lonidamine or bexarotene moiety can confer activity or selectivity of Pt(IV) complexes.

© 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. The main biographic details and scientific activity of the Russian electrophysiologist B. M. Tsukerman (1920-2007), who made an enormous contribution to the development and clinical introduction of the electroimpulse method of treating supraventricular arrhythmias, are presented.

© 2019 by the authors. Developing bone scaffolds can greatly improve the patient's quality of life by accelerating the rehabilitation process. In this paper, we studied the process of composite polycaprolactone supercritical foaming for tissue engineering. The influence of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide on the foaming parameters was studied. The structural and mechanical properties were studied. The scaffolds demonstrated mechanical flexibility and endurance. The co-culturing and live/dead tests demonstrated that the obtained scaffolds are biocompatible. Different composite scaffolds induced various surface cell behaviors. The experimental data demonstrate that composite foams are promising candidates for in vivo medical trials.

© 2019 by author(s) and VsI Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Center. The effective use of resource potential is a prerequisite for implementing all the functions of the territory and thus, can be considered fundamental for sustainable territorial development. Within the context of the current crisis in the economic sphere, regional affiliation generally occupies a special place in the structure of socio-economic development. Therefore, finding ways to ensure the effective use of resource potential is a crucial task, combining territorial specifics with the interests of the state. Modern approaches to the organization and management of the resource potential of the territory in the direction of its sustainable strategic development are analyzed. The authors substantiate the conditions and factors of formation of the resource potential of the region. On the basis of a detailed study of the problem, the mechanism developed by the authors to implement the strategy of effective use of resource potential at the regional level is presented. The proposed mechanism can be implemented in the socio-economic management of the territory focused on sustainable development.