Репозиторий Университета

© 2018 Izdatel'stvo Meditsina. There was performed a study of the diagnostic activity of sera with antibodies to Toxocara spp. and Echinococcus spp. in conditions of long storage at different temperature regimes. The use of cryoprotectants makes it possible to increase the safety of diagnostic sera by two times during prolonged storage at low temperatures.

© Izdatel'stvo Meditsina. All rights reserved. The professional standard is the basis of education and training. It should meet modern requirements to ensure the sanitary and epidemiological wellbeing of the country's population, the labor market. The current professional standard does not fully take into account the various types of economic activity in which young professionals of the medical and preventive profile will work. The main task of a specialist in the medical and prophylactic profile is to carry out activities aimed ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological wellbeing of the population (informing the control subject concerning mandatory sanitary and epidemiological requirements, implementation, assessing the effectiveness and effectiveness of their implementation, implementing production control, expert control, sanitary-epidemiological audit). The main employers for these young professionals are organizations of the sanitary and epidemiological services; hospitals, sanatorium, spa and resort organizations; organization of disinfection and deratization, organizations of industrial equipment, testing and analysis of the composition and purity of materials and substances; testing and analysis in the field of food hygiene; testing and analysis of physical and mechanical properties of materials and substances; examination of design documentation and engineering survey results; monitoring of environmental pollution. The professional standard of the young professionals in the hygiene profile has a particular set of qualities, skills, and behaviors that ensure the success of the career. There is a set of standards for education and training of professionals in the hygiene profile. There are sanitary and epidemiological diagnostic - activities to establish compliance (inconsistency) with the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of public health. Also, there is the support of the sanitary and epidemiological wellbeing of the population, technical regulation, labor protection, various activities concerning and preventive measures; organization of monitoring and sanitary-epidemiological assessment of the risk of environmental factors affecting health. The education and training of students of medical-prophylactic faculties should be carried out taking into account modern approaches to the professional standard for the specialist of the hygienic profile and the educational standard developed on the basis of it.

© 2018 Ruslania. All rights reserved. This literature review is devoted to modem notions about molecular mechanism of action of the selective modulators of progesterone receptors. The superfamily of nuclear receptors represents ligand-activated transcription factors and includes receptors for steroid hormones, lipophilic vitamins, sterols, and bile acids. These receptors serve as targets for creating numerous drugs. As a result, a new class of compounds (ligands) appeared exhibiting agonistic/partial agonistic/antagonistic functional activities depending on the context (tissue or gene target). This class of ligands is called selective modulators of nuclear receptors. Initially, mifepristone was developed as the progesterone receptor antagonist, but further it demonstrated the properties of a selective modulator of progesterone receptor and became the ancestor of this group. At present, the development of new selective modulators of progesterone receptor is aimed at obtaining higher selectivity with respect to progesterone receptors and decreasing the anti-androgenic and anti-glucocorticoid properties. Unfortunately, most of the subsequent selective modulators of progesterone receptors exhibited hepatotoxicity, which limited their wide introduction into clinical practice.

© 2011–2018 NSPU Bulletin All rights reserved  Introduction. The authors investigate the problem of effective use of distance technologies in the educational process. The purpose of the article is to identify the potential of the Moodle electronic distance learning platform as a source for improving the quality of technical education. Materials and Methods. The authors used a set of research methods, including: 1) analysis of scientific literature on the topic of the article; 2) proposition of a hypothesis about the possibility of expanding the didactic functions of the Moodle distance learning platform by integrating interactive content into it; 3) constructing a methodological model which includes innovative educational content, characterized by an interactive format; 4) experimental approbation of teaching methods with elements of statistical analysis of the results of the control and experimental groups of students using the Pearson criteria – χ 2 . Results. As a result of the research, the following statements were identified: 1) determining factors for the realization of the capabilities of the Moodle platform in the educational process for the disciplines of physical, mathematical and technical fields; 2) the authors developed an algorithm for evaluating students’ work and showed the possibilities of placing models in a distance learning system to perform laboratory work necessary for the qualitative studying these disciplines; 3) the statistical analysis showed a positive result in terms of improving the quality of mastering basic knowledge elements. Conclusions. The authors summarize the characteristic features of the potential of the Moodle e-learning platform as a source for improving the quality of technical education.

© КОЛЛЕКТИВ АВТОРОВ, 2018 The most abundant protozoan Blastocystis spp. from human and animal intestines is one of the poor-studied pathogens causing the occurrence of a protozoal infection of the human gastrointestinal tract. In Russia, no Blastocyst invasion is recorded and neither included in the forms of state statistical reporting. The manifestations of the epidemic process of blastocyst can be judged based on a small number of studies. Analysis of clinical observations and literature data indicates a variety of forms, localization, and nature of the infection manifestation. This article is devoted to substantiating the need to detect blastocysts in environmental objects (water, soil, surfaces) as potential risk factors for the occurrence of a protozoal infection. At the same time, the studies both of the survival duration in the external environment and influence of various factors the Blastocystis survival have both the theoretical and practical importance. This information can be used in problems of epidemiology and epizootiology, for developing new methods for Blastocystis elimination, and identifying ways of spreading these parasites. Infection risk factors are sanitary and hygienic problems of environmental objects (geographical, environmental and social factors), profession features, contact with animals, use of contaminated water and food, immigration and travel to tropical countries, as well as people with weakened immune status.

© 2018, Dynasty Publishing House. All rights reserved. The article presents non-pharmaceutical methods of rehabilitation of children with acute respiratory infections (ARI) used at a hospital, polyclinic (rehabilitation centre), medical resort. Specificities of administering medical exercise therapy, massage, inhalation therapy, balneo-halotherapy and other methods at different stages of rehabilitation are discussed. The authors analyse the results of research works that are demonstrative of the necessity of including in rehabilitation programmes for children with ARI of the drug levocarnitine that enhances their effectiveness. Administration of levocarnitine in doses of 50 to 100 mg/kg/day 2 times daily, as 1–1.5-month courses, prevents the development of repeat episodes of acute respiratory viral infections in children and reduces their duration, restoring the activity of immune cells. Also, recommendations are given to physicians about the use of Elcar® in children who fall ill frequently and for prevention of respiratory infections. physicians about the use of Elcar in children who fall ill frequently and for prevention of respiratory infections.

© 2018 Media Sphera Publishing Group.All rights reserved. Purpose: To assess the prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and use of antithrombotic agents in adult patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Materials and Methods. We consecutively enrolled all ACS patients (n=1155) who were hospitalized in two Moscowbased percutaneous coronary intervention centers (each center performs over 500 PCIs a year) between October 2017 and February 2018. AF was diagnosed in 204 patients (17.7%). The risk of thromboembolic complications was assessed using the CHA2DS2-VASc Score. The risk of hemorrhagic complications was assessed using the HAS-BLED Score. The data were processed using StatSoft Statistica 10.0 and IBM SPSS Statistics v.23 software. Results. The prevalence of diagnosed AF was 13.6%, while the prevalence of undiagnosed AF was 4.1%. Of the 179 discharged patients with AF, only 2 had a low risk of ischemic stroke (IS). One hundred and fifty patients (83.8%) eligible for oral anticoagulant therapy received oral anticoagulants. Patients with diagnosed AF were administered oral anticoagulants (OACs) significantly more often than patients with undiagnosed AF [125 (91.9%) vs. 25 (58.1%), р 0.001]. Novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) were administered four times more often than vitamin K antagonists [120 (80.0%) vs. 29 (19.3%), р0.001]. Rivaroxaban was used in 51.3% of cases. Of the 29 patients treated with warfarin, only 3 (10.3%) achieved the target international normalized ratio (INR) at discharge. Of the 107 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), 77 patients (80%) received an OAC and two antiplatelet agents (with 74% receiving this three-agent therapy for one month), 11 patients (10.3%) received an OAC and an antiplatelet agent, and 18 patients (16.8%) received two antiplatelet agents. The only antiplatelet agent used as part of the three-agent therapy was clopidogrel. The three-agent therapy without PCI was administered in 43.1% of cases. Conclusion. We found that the prevalence of AF in patients with ACS was high. The fact that doctors administered NOACs suggests that they are aware of the need to use these agents to prevent thromboembolic complications in AF patients.

© 2018 Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved. Aim. Analysis of the treatment response rates of different therapy regimens of functional constipation, including Ipidacrine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, based on assessment of adaptation and compensatory mechanisms in the therapy forecast. Materials and methods. 77 functional slow-transit constipation patients were examined after therapy regimens of functional constipation, the mean age is 44.30±14.58 y.o. Results and discussion. The treatment response rates of different therapies with Ipidacrine depends on the patient's initial adaptation and compensatory mechanisms (ACM index); certain aspects allowing to predict the expected result depending on the current mental state were identified; the severity of the state of functional constipation, ACM index and MMPI test psychometric indicators are correlated; adaptation and compensatory mechanisms of functional constipation patients were found to be reduced; the prognosis of the treatment response rates and, accordingly, the choice of the therapy regimen depend on the patient's adaptation potential (index). Conclusions. Therapy regimens for functional constipation patients should be selected on the basis of the original ACM index, behavioral pattern, degree of compliance and the patient’s age.

© 2018 Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. All Rights Reserved. Cancer immunotherapy represents a promising and rapidly developing approach for the treatment of oncological diseases. Among the methods of personalized adjuvant immunotherapy, neoantigenic peptide-based drugs have demonstrated substantial efficiency. These drugs are designed to target mutant proteins arising from somatic alterations in the genome of tumor cells and thus stimulate immune response against tumor tissues. The methods of individual screening for potentially immunogenic mutations are mostly based on next-generation exome sequencing of tumor samples, which is a complex and costly procedure for clinical application. Targeted gene sequencing panels limited to a certain set of genes represent a reasonable alternative to WES. Targeted sequencing is also more efficient when there is a low amount of the sample DNA available. We have estimated the potential efficiency of targeted oncological panels in terms of somatic neoantigen profiling in colorectal cancer (colon and rectal adenocarcinoma). The clinical practice of identification of frequent somatic variants does not provide enough data for designing an efficient personalized drug when applied to low and medium mutated cancers such as colorectal cancer. Our analysis of 11 commercially available panels containing different number of genes has shown that neither the larger size of a panel nor its initial customization for colorectal cancer provides a significantly better estimation of an individual somatic mutation profile. The optimal approach is to use the general-purpose medium-sized cancer panels (2300-11200 amplicons and/or 150-600 genes). These panels allow to detect a sufficient number of immunogenic epitopes (>3) per patient for over 30-50% of patients.

© 2018 American Leather Chemists Association. All rights reserved. The regenerative potential of biodegradable collagen matrix (hemostatic sponge) for healing full-thickness rabbit conjunctival injury was studied. Results of histological investigation and scanning electron microscopy showed evidence of the progressive degradation of collagen matrix followed by granulation tissue formation from periphery to the center of the conjunctival wound. The ungrafted conjunctival defect was substituted with granulation tissue from the intact edges of wound to the center. Both matrix-grafted and ungrafted full-thickness conjunctival defects were covered completely with loose stroma and stratified squamous epithelium within 30 days. Thus, high regenerative potential of biodegradable collagen matrix (hemostatic sponge) implanted into the zone of injury for healing full-thickness defect of rabbit conjunctiva was established.

The prevalence of tooth caries and periodontitis in pregnant women has been studied; susceptibility of pregnant women to a high risk of development of dental pathology. Proven factors that modify the risk of tooth caries, periodontitis of mild and moderate severity in pregnancy are age over 30 years, repeated childbirth and pregnancy, complications of the gestational period, and for periodontitis, additionally - diseases of the digestive system, musculoskeletal system , anemia and metabolic-endocrine disorders.

© 2018. Korean Academy of Periodontology. Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of various prophylactic treatments of titanium implants on bacterial biofilm formation, correlating surface modifications with the biofilms produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, Staphylococcus aureus, and bacteria isolated from saliva. Methods: Pure titanium disks were treated with various prophylactic procedures, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to determine the degree to which surface roughness was modified. To evaluate antibiofilm activity, we used P. aeruginosa PAO1, S. aureus, and saliva-isolated Streptococcus spp., Bacteroides fragilis, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Results: AFM showed that the surface roughness increased after using the air-polishing device and ultrasonic scaler, while a significant reduction was observed after using a curette or polishing with Detartrine ZTM (DZ) abrasive paste. In addition, we only observed a significant (P < 0.01) reduction in biofilm formation on the DZ-treated implant surfaces. Conclusion: In this study, both AFM and antibiofilm analyses indicated that using DZ abrasive paste could be considered as the prophylactic procedure of choice for managing peri-implant lesions and for therapy-resistant cases of periodontitis.

THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: determination of the optimal parameters of the action of various types of current, which have the most pronounced irritating effect on the receptor apparatus of the tooth pulp. The study involved 102 volunteers aged 19 to 72 years (53 females and 49 males). The study was conducted on 217 teeth: 86 molars, 25 premolars, 19 canines and 98 incisors. 137 (63%) teeth were intact, in 48 (22%) teeth caries were found, in 32 (15%) teeth there was pulpitis or teeth were depulpated. Electroexcitability of the teeth was determined with the help of various types of electric current: an impulse variable, an impulse constant and a sinusoidal variable. The optimal current for carrying out an electroodontodiagnosis proved to be sinusoidal variable current with a frequency of 50 Hz. This current does not cause polarization of tissues, it is easy to dose, it causes a clear, but not painful sensation, gives the smallest spread of the indicators during repeated studies. The obtained results allowed formulating requirements for electroodontodiagnosis devices.

© 2018 Authors. The present work presents a description of various cutting devices with an emphasis on skin surgery for the optimal choice of instruments in plastic surgery. Physical principles of work with a description of the biological role of an ultrasonic scalpel, various laser cutting devices, electrosurgical instruments, including radiofrequency electrosurgery, are described. Studies of recent years, including systematic reviews and meta-analyzes, are devoted to comparative analysis of various cutting and coagulating devices among themselves and in comparison with the mechanical metal scalpel.

© 2018 Publishing House of the Union of Pediatricians. All rights reserved. Background. Tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitors are widely used in the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). To achieve maximum efficiency of genetically engineered biologic drugs, it is necessary to study predictors of the response to therapy. Objective. Our aim was to identify early predictors of the response to adalimumab therapy in patients with JIA without systemic manifestations. Methods. A prospective cohort study analysed treatment results of patients with JIA without systemic manifestations, who were prescribed adalimumab for the period from August 2008 to August 2014. We studied the relationship between baseline demographic indicators as well as baseline and registered after one month of treatment clinical and laboratory parameters and the best (remission according to the Wallace criteria) response to therapy after one year. Results. In the first year of therapy, 94 (43.9%) of 214 patients achieved remission according to the Wallace criteria. In a multivariate analysis, predictors of achieving remission after one year of adalimumab therapy were the improvement according to the ACR70 criterion after one month of therapy [odds ratio (OR) 3.3; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7-6.7], a history of uveitis (OR 1.86; 95% CI 1.03-3.33), a decrease in the number of joints with active arthritis after one month of therapy (OR 1.09; 95% CI 1.02-1.16). During therapy, injection reactions in the form of pain were observed in 36 (16.8%) of 214 patients, infectious diseases of ENT organs - in 85 (39.7%), of the respiratory tract - in 17 (7.9%), and tubinfection - in 13 (6.1%) children. Conclusion. The presence of uveitis, rapid reduction in the number of joints with active arthritis and a high level of response to treatment after one month of adalimumab therapy are predictors for achieving remission during the first year of treatment.

© 2018 Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. All rights reserved. Introduction: The highest priority for modern clinical oncology is functionally-sparing and organ-conserving treatment. In Russia, breast cancer (BC), among all malignant tumors, accounted for 21.1 % of women in 2017. Oncoplastic radical resections (OPS-BCS = oncoplastic surgery – breast conserving surgery) have been widely used. This term means resection of the breast for cancer using plastic surgery to restore the shape of the breast, in most cases with one-stage correction of the contralateral breast. Purpose: It was the creation of various techniques of oncoplastic breast surgery, applicable for the appropriate localization of breast cancer and the evaluation of surgical, oncological and aesthetic results. Methods: From 2013 to 2017, in the P.A. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Center, organ-conserving surgery were performed in 570 patients with BC with an average age of 54.2. Stage 0 was diagnosed in 4.6 %, I – 5.9 %, IIA – 28.7 %, IIB – 6 %, IIIA – 5.1 %, IIIC – 3.3 %, IIIB – 0.2 %, IV – 0.2 %. Radical resection in the standard version was performed in 290 patients with breast cancer, oncoplastic breast surgery in various modifications – in 280. All patients after the organ-conserving surgical treatment received radiation therapy. Patients received chemotherapy, targeted therapy and hormone therapy according to the indications in depending the disease stage and the immunohistochemical type of the tumor. Results: After an urgent and planned morphological study positive margins of resection were revealed in 10 patients, which required reresection of the edges to a negative state of them in case of an urgent intraoperative response and mastectomy – in case of a planned response. Within 4 years, local recurrences were detected in 4 patients (0.7 %), which required a mastectomy with a one-stage reconstruction. In 1 patient (0.2 %), the disease progressed as metastases to the lung – in this case lobectomy and a necessary chemotherapy were conducted. Cosmetic results were defined as excellent in 70 % cases, good – 25 %, satisfactory – 5 %. Conclusion: If there are indications for organ-conserving treatment of breast cancer and the patient’s decision concerning this surgery, the patient should be offered methods of oncoplastic surgery for the prevention of psychological and emotional stress, effective rehabilitation, and a quick return to active social life.

Etiology, epidemiology and pathophysiology of anal fissure are examined in the article in order to determine the most optimal treatment strategy. The authors concluded that the most effective treatment is combined approach using both minimally invasive surgery and various medicines for anal spasm reduction.

© 2018, Bionika Media Ltd.. All rights reserved. Urinary disorders in women with recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI) are a serious problem that has not yet been solved despite that there are a large number of papers on this topic. Pregnant women who have experienced acute urinary tract infection and those who have been treated for asymptomatic bacteriuria should be followed up until delivery, by examining their urine to prove the efficiency of antibacterial therapy that can threaten their pregnancy. It is necessary to emphasize the importance of prevention, timely detection of signs of UTI in pregnant women and the correct choice of antibiotic therapy in the developed UTI.

© 2018, Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved. This article was designed as a comparative review of the literature publications pertaining to the two opposite approaches to the surgical treatment of varicose veins of the lower extremities based on the vein-sparing and radical principles. We compare classical phlebectomy (i.e. endovenous treatment of varicose veins including thermal obliteration) and the vein-savings treatment with the use of the methods for the hemodynamic correction of venous insufficiency, such as ASVAL, CHIVA, and short stripping with special reference to its location and extent. Also covered in the article is the issue of the appropriate length of great saphenous vein stripping. The authors emphasize that it should be based on the extent of reflux rather than on the desire to avoid saphenous nerve injury. It is maintained that either partial or complete preservation of the stem of the great saphenous vein (GSV) in addition to the endovenous obliteration techniques is an efficient and safe modification of the surgical intervention. Stripping is indicated when the endovasal intervention is either impossible or undesirable because of clinical, anatomical, and/or technical limitations. Short stripping in the absence of total reflux in the great saphenous vein is a safer procedure in comparison with the total extirpation of the venous stem.

© 2018, Media Sfera. All rights reserved. Purpose - to evaluate the effectiveness of injectable implants made of hyaluronic acid gel (HAG) in ophthalmoplastics. Material and methods. The study included 57 patients (37 patients with lagophthalmos related to acute or chronic facial nerve palsy, endocrine ophthalmopathy; 20 patients with enophthalmos, anophthalmic syndrome). Depending on filler particle size, the patients received either intrapalpebral or intraorbital HAG injection. The biometric measures of palpebral fissure, the position of the eye/implant, and the condition of the cornea were evaluated during the follow-up period (12 months for eyelid and 18 for orbital injection). Results. In the course of the follow-up, all patients showed reliable reduction of lagophthalmos; additionally, improvement of the condition of the cornea was observed in patients after intrapalpebral injection; patients after intraorbital injection exhibited reduction in enophthalmos, upper orbital palpebral fold retraction and upper eyelid excursion. No serious complications have occurred after the injection. Conclusion. As minimally invasive method of treating various pathologies of the orbit and eyelids, HAG fillers showed good clinical effectiveness and safety.