Репозиторий Университета

© 2018, © 2018 Taylor  &  Francis. “The Four Horsemen” was the nickname given to the four neurologists—Abraham Baker, Francis Forster, Russell DeJong, and Adolph Sahs—who were most instrumental in founding and developing the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) beginning around 1948. Forster later humorously added “and their nags” to the epithet to reflect the cohesion of the founders and their wives. This article presents the personal recollections of these founders from correspondence and oral histories. When the AAN was founded, private-practice neurologists and residents were excluded from the academically oriented and restrictive American Neurological Association (ANA). Baker conceptualized the AAN as an inclusive professional society that would accept all neurologists of whatever age and level of training, and that would strive to strengthen their knowledge, competencies, and skills through continuing medical education and guideline development. Baker recruited supportive colleagues to help create and develop the organization. Their intention was not to compete with or subvert the ANA, but to offer an inclusive professional organization for all neurologists. Nevertheless, their efforts produced opposition among ANA members. To defuse the antagonism, neurologist Alphonse Vonderahe proposed an influential House–Senate formulation of the AAN–ANA relationship, modeled after the U.S. Congress, both as a supporting rationale for the AAN and as a conceptual model for the functional relationship between the two organizations. The inclusive approach greatly augmented the ranks of the fledgling AAN, whereas those of the ANA stayed relatively stagnant, with the AAN ultimately becoming the dominant neurological society. These neurologic pioneers laid the groundwork for an invigorated, well-trained, scientifically based specialty of neurology in the second half of the twentieth century.

© 2018, © 2018 Taylor  &  Francis. American neurologist and neuropathologist Abraham Bert (Abe) Baker (1908–1988) was instrumental in founding the American Academy of Neurology and served as a catalyst for the emergence of neurology as a strong, independent medical discipline in the United States in the second half of the twentieth century. Baker served as the first president of the Academy from 1948 to 1951. He was also instrumental in garnering support for the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness, which was founded in 1950 and later evolved into the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Baker’s leadership was also essential in developing continuing medical education for neurologists at a national level and in garnering federal financial support for neurology training programs.

© 2018, The Author(s). Introduction: Trimetazidine (TMZ) has been shown to reduce angina symptoms and to increase exercise capacity in randomized clinical trials, but more extensive data would be useful to assess its effects in real-world clinical practice and in patients with different durations of disease. Methods: CHOICE-2 was a Russian, multicenter, 6-month, open-label, prospective observational study that assessed the effect of adding TMZ modified release 35 mg bid to antianginal treatment in a real-world setting. The present analysis of CHOICE-2 results explored the effects of adding TMZ to background antianginal therapies with regard to the duration of stable angina. Results: A total of 741 patients with known durations of disease were divided into four groups according to stable angina pectoris (AP) duration, ranging from less than 1 year to more than 9 years. Addition of TMZ led to a significant decrease in the frequency of angina attacks and in the use of short-acting nitrates in all groups. In patients with recently diagnosed angina (AP duration < 1 year), the average number of angina attacks per week decreased significantly from 3.75 ± 4.63 to 0.67 ± 1.51 and in those with advanced disease (AP duration > 9 years) from 5.63 ± 5.24 to 1.32 ± 2.07. Angina-free walking distance also improved significantly. Addition of TMZ also improved patient well-being. Results were achieved rapidly (within 2 weeks), were maintained over 6 months, and were obtained in all patient groups regardless of angina duration. Conclusion: TMZ added to other antianginal therapies proved to be effective for reducing angina attacks and short-acting nitrate use, increasing angina-free walking distance, and improving patient well-being in a real-life setting, irrespective of angina duration, including patients with recently diagnosed angina. This provides an opportunity for intensification of treatment early on in the disease process, with the aim of decreasing angina burden and improving patient quality of life. Funding: Servier. Trial Registration: ISRCTN identifier ISRCTN65209863. Plain Language Summary: Plain language summary available for this article.

© 2018, Pediatria Ltd.. All rights reserved. The article presents data of a systematic review of observational and interventional studies on possible associations between the level of macro-and micronutrients consumption by lactating mothers and their breast milk composition. Authors present the results of a 3-week prospective medical observation in assessing the tolerability of specialized products for lactating mothers, as well as the dynamics of the physical development of their children who are exclusively breastfed.

The article presents the results of medical sociological study carried out with the purpose of analyzing concepts and motivation attitudes of students of medical universities concerning healthy life-style and its components. The results of study demonstrate that students admitting importance of preservation of one's own health, are committed to unhealthy life-style and more often renounce sport involvement and are inactive in the area of diseases prevention and health promotion. It is emphasized that healthy life-style of students of medical universities is rather exception than prevalent practice.

© 2018, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. Phospholipase D (PLD; EC 3.1.4.4) is one of the key enzymes catalyzing hydrolysis of cell membrane phospholipids. This review considers and summaries current knowledge about six human PLD isoforms, their structure and a role in physiological and pathological processes. Comparative analysis of PLD isoforms structure is presented. The review considers the mechanism of hydrolysis and transphosphatidylation performed by PLD, the role of PLD1 and PLD2 in the pathogenesis of some types of cancer, infectious, thrombotic, and neurodegenerative diseases is analyzed. The prospects of development of PLD isoformselective inhibitors are considered in the context of their clinical use and inclusion into various therapeutic schemes; the latter is especially important in the case of already developed PLD inhibitors. Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) formed in the human body during phospholipid transphosphatidylation catalyzed by PLD is considered as an alcohol abuse biomarker.

© 2018 by Turkish Association of Urology. Objective: Surgical site infection (SSI) is defined as infection at or near surgical incisions within 30 days of an operative procedure and classified either incisional superficial and deep or organ/space. The aim of the study is to report and compare the incidence and management of SSIs after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP) and retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP). Material and methods: Within the last 4 years, we identified 285 patients that underwent RRP, n=187 (66%) or RALP, n=98 (34%). We reviewed the frequency, types and way of management of SSI complications. Results: A significant difference was found between RALP and RRP (2/98, 2% vs. 27/187, 14.4%; p<0.0001) as for SSIs. The time interval between the time of surgery and diagnosis of SSIs was longer in RALP relative to RRP (median 13.5 vs. 12.9 days, p=0.761). Conclusion: All types of SSIs could be developed after RP, however RALP patients only experienced organ or space SSIs and have a lower rate of SSIs and shorter treatment time.

© 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. An express technique for isolation and quantitative determination of water-soluble polysaccharides from roots of Taraxacum officinaleWigg. was developed and allowed the assay time to be shortened to 3.5 h. The developed technique was validated for precision, accuracy, robustness, and linearity and was demonstrated to be precise under repeatable conditions, accurate, and robust. The precipitate mass was strictly linearly dependent on the analyzed raw-material mass for gravimetric determination of water-soluble polysaccharides from roots of T. officinale. The technique could be used for express quality control of T. officinale roots and for commercial production of inulin from this raw material.

© 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. We carried out a comparative study of the features of osteogenesis from the progenitor osteogenic periosteal cells in rabbit and human. At the initial stages, high osteogenic potential of both human and rabbit periosteal cells was observed. However, at the later stages, the cell response favors resorption of the new bone tissue formed from periosteal cells in rabbits, but does not affect the bone tissue formed from human progenitor osteogenic periosteal cells. These functional characteristics of rabbit periosteal cells should be considered when planning the experiment.

The prevalence of habitual miscarriage varies depending on territories of the Russian Federation and other countries. The rate of premature delivery in the Moscow Zelenograd administrative okrug in 2013-2015 in average made up to 4.5%-4.7%. The percentage of habitual miscarriage made up to 3.6% that is a rather low indicator as compared with other Moscow okrugs and national average indices. The article considers three-level model of evaluation of medical, economic and social efficiency of obstetric gynecologic care support of population at the out-patient stage.

© 2018 Author(s). Bottom pressure of confined granular assemblies saturates at a certain value even this packing bed is being continuously charged. Corresponding formulation has been established to describe this interesting phenomenon. In this work, the influences of particle size and friction on the bottom stresses of granular matter were numerically investigated by discrete element method (DEM). It is found that the Janssen model can well predict the stress profile only when the size ratio of the container versus the particle is larger than 16. Moreover, a hydrostatic linear relation between apparent mass and filling mass can be obtained when the friction coefficient becomes insignificant (μ ≤ 0.01). To further interpret the Janssen effects, the granular assemblies are characterized and evaluated from the overall interactions with sidewalls, angular distribution function, void size distribution, coordination number, contact networks, contact orientation and distributions of contact forces within the packing structure. It is believed that these results will be helpful to comprehend the granular behaviors and may offer instructive reference to industrial processes in related fields.

© 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. Research results supporting the manufacturing technology for floating prolonged-release oral tablets based on a hydrophilic matrix with the nonselective α-adrenoblocker proroxan are presented.Wet granulation of the effervescent ingredients with the matrix produced tablets with the required buoyancy lag-time, float time, and proroxan release kinetics.

© 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. Technology development for solid dosage forms with a solid dispersion of diclofenac is a crucial problem in pharmaceutical science and practice. The goal of the work was science-based and experimental technology development for tablets containing a solid dispersion of diclofenac with improved biopharmaceutical indicators as an equivalent to the substance. The obtained granulates and tablets had indicators that met the corresponding standards of the Russian SP XIIIth Ed. Almost 100% of the diclofenac was released from the developed tablets. This was 1.3 times greater than from commercial tablets. The recommended shelf life under these conditions is two years. The proposed technology could not only increase the bioavailability of the slightly soluble non-salt form of diclofenac but also facilitate further development of new medicinal preparations with improved bioavailability.

© 2018, The Author(s) under exclusive licence to The Japan Society of Human Genetics. Intellectual disability is the most common developmental disorder caused by chromosomal aberrations as well as single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and small insertions/deletions (indels). Here we report identification of a novel, probably pathogenic mutation in the WHSC1 gene in a patient case with phenotype overlapping the features of Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome. Deletions involving WHSC1 (Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1 gene) were described earlier in patients with Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome. However, to our knowledge, single-point mutations in WHSC1 associated with any intellectual deficiency syndromes have not been reported. Using whole exome sequencing, we found a de novo nonsense mutation in WHSC1 (c.3412C>T, p.Arg1138Ter, NM_001042424.2) in patient with syndromic intellectual disability. This finding is challenging regarding a possible causative role of WHSC1 in intellectual disability syndromes, specifically Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome. From the clinical standpoint, our finding suggests that next-generation sequencing along with chromosome microarray analysis (CMA) might be useful in genetic testing for patients with intellectual disability and dysmorphic features.

© 2018 Elsevier GmbH Anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) are synthetic analogs of testosterone often used by athletes to increase the skeletal muscle mass. Our goal was to examine the effects of physical activity and physical activity combined with supraphysiological doses of nandrolone on functional morphology of the quadriceps muscle. The study included 32 peripubertal Wistar rats, divided into 4 groups: control (T-N-), nandrolone (T-N+), physical activity (T+N-) and physical activity plus nandrolone (T+N+) groups. The T+N- and T+N+ group swam for 4 weeks, 1 h/day, 5 days/week. The T-N+ and T+N+ groups received nandolone decanoate (20 mg/kg b.w.) once per week, subcutaneously. Subsequently, the rats were sacrificed and muscle specimens were prepared for the processing. Tissue sections were histochemically and immunohistochemically stained, while the image analysis was used for quantification. Longitudinal diameter of quadriceps muscle cells was increased for 21% in T-N+, for 57% in T+N- and for 64% in T+N+ group while cross section muscle cell area was increased in T-N+ for 19%, in T+N- for 47% and in T+N+ group for 59%, compared to the control. Collagen fibers covered area was increased in T-N+ group for 36%, in T+N- for 109% and in T+N+ group for 159%, compared to the control. Erythrocyte depots were decreased in T-N+ group and increased in T+N- and T+N+ group, in comparison with T-N-. VEGF depots were increased in all treated groups. Chronic administration of supraphysiological doses of AASs alone or in combination with physical activity induces hypertrophy and significant changes in the quadriceps muscle tissue structure.

© 2017, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. In this article, we present an optimized minimally invasive technique of ETV for children with occlusive hydrocephalus. The study comprises of 64 consecutive pediatric cases (34 boys and 30 girls aged from 1 month to 5 years) of occlusive hydrocephalus from various etiologies, which were treated with a modified technique of ETV. Mean clinical follow-up period after ETV was 24.2 ± 3.8 months. Application of the new technique made it possible to significantly reduce the length of the soft tissue incision for access, and the use of upgraded instruments allowed to perform a twist drill hole in the skull to less than half a usual size. Access to the brain and lateral ventricle was performed by blunt trephination of the dura without the need for significant corticectomy or coagulation, and yielded minimal damage to the brain, which is very important in patients of young age. Continued endoscopic control during the approach down to the lateral ventricle increases safety and decreases risk of injury, and can be performed in cases of pathologies affecting the anatomical relationships of the lateral and third ventricle. Mortality in our cohort was 0%, and there were no postoperative neurological, endocrinological, or infectious complications. Patency rates of the first ETV performed was 78%, with the remaining patients requiring additional surgical procedures for complicated settings. This new technique of minimally invasive ETV placement in pediatric patients is an effective and safe method to treat occlusive hydrocephalus and can be recommended for extensive clinical use.

© 2017 The mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) generated by proton pumps (Complexes I, III and IV) is an essential component in the process of energy storage during oxidative phosphorylation. Together with the proton gradient (ΔpH), ΔΨm forms the transmembrane potential of hydrogen ions which is harnessed to make ATP. The levels of ΔΨm and ATP in the cell are kept relatively stable although there are limited fluctuations of both these factors that can occur reflecting normal physiological activity. However, sustained changes in both factors may be deleterious. A long-lasting drop or rise of ΔΨm vs normal levels may induce unwanted loss of cell viability and be a cause of various pathologies. Among other factors, ΔΨm plays a key role in mitochondrial homeostasis through selective elimination of dysfunctional mitochondria. It is also a driving force for transport of ions (other than H+) and proteins which are necessary for healthy mitochondrial functioning. We propose additional potential mechanisms for which ΔΨm is essential for maintenance of cellular health and viability and provide recommendations how to accurately measure ΔΨm in a cell and discuss potential sources of artifacts.

© 2018, International Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance. All rights reserved. Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim. (Meadowsweet) is known in traditional medicine as anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, astringent and antibacterial remedy. However recent studies show that it also has neurotropic activity. In Russia meadowsweet flowers are used as crude herbal drugs (temporary pharmacopoeial monograph 42-1777-87), also leafs and herb are used in the traditional medicine. Objective of the study was to carry out comparative investigation of composition and content of major biologically active compounds (BAC) in Filipendula ulmaria herb, flowers and leafs by thin-layer chromatography, differential spectrophotometry with aluminum chloride reagent (total flavonoids in terms of rutoside), gravimetry (total extractives, extracted by water), permanganatometric titration (total tannins in terms of tannin). Rutoside, tannin, gallic acid and salicylic acid were identified in Filipendula ulmaria herb, flowers and leafs by TLC. Also we analyzed content of substances extracted by water, flavonoids and tannins. Total extractives, extracted by water in F. ulmaria herb is 13.12±0.10%, in leafs - 13.98±0.37%, in flowers - 18.09±0.17%. Total tannins in F. ulmaria herb is 11.87±0.47%, in leafs - 12.06±0.18%, in flowers - 12.26±0.29%. Total flavonoids in F. ulmaria herb 4.34±0.17%, in leafs - 6.98±0.23%, in flowers - 11.75±0.57%. The obtained data will be used for development of a pharmacopoeial monograph project “Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim., herba” for inclusion in the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation.