Репозиторий Университета

© 2019 Aims: The high sugar and lipid content of the Western diet (WD) is associated with metabolic dysfunction, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and it is an established risk factor for neuropsychiatric disorders. Our previous studies reported negative effects of the WD on rodent emotionality, impulsivity, and sociability in adulthood. Here, we investigated the effect of the WD on motor coordination, novelty recognition, and affective behavior in mice as well as molecular and cellular endpoints in brain and peripheral tissues. Main methods: Female C57BL/6 J mice were fed the WD for three weeks and were investigated for glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, liver steatosis, and changes in motor coordination, object recognition, and despair behavior in the swim test. Lipids and liver injury markers, including aspartate-transaminase, alanine-transaminase and urea were measured in blood. Serotonin transporter (SERT) expression, the density of Iba1-positive cells and concentration of malondialdehyde were measured in brain. Key findings: WD-fed mice exhibited impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance, a loss of motor coordination, deficits in novel object exploration and recognition, increased helplessness, dyslipidemia, as well as signs of a non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-like syndrome: liver steatosis and increased liver injury markers. Importantly, these changes were accompanied by decreased SERT expression, elevated numbers of microglia cells and malondialdehyde levels in, and restricted to, the prefrontal cortex. Significance: The WD induces a spectrum of behaviors that are more reminiscent of ADHD and ASD than previously recognized and suggests that, in addition to the impairment of impulsivity and sociability, the consumption of a WD might be expected to exacerbate motor dysfunction that is also known to be associated with adult ADHD and ASD.

© 2019 Aims: The high sugar and lipid content of the Western diet (WD) is associated with metabolic dysfunction, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and it is an established risk factor for neuropsychiatric disorders. Our previous studies reported negative effects of the WD on rodent emotionality, impulsivity, and sociability in adulthood. Here, we investigated the effect of the WD on motor coordination, novelty recognition, and affective behavior in mice as well as molecular and cellular endpoints in brain and peripheral tissues. Main methods: Female C57BL/6 J mice were fed the WD for three weeks and were investigated for glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, liver steatosis, and changes in motor coordination, object recognition, and despair behavior in the swim test. Lipids and liver injury markers, including aspartate-transaminase, alanine-transaminase and urea were measured in blood. Serotonin transporter (SERT) expression, the density of Iba1-positive cells and concentration of malondialdehyde were measured in brain. Key findings: WD-fed mice exhibited impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance, a loss of motor coordination, deficits in novel object exploration and recognition, increased helplessness, dyslipidemia, as well as signs of a non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-like syndrome: liver steatosis and increased liver injury markers. Importantly, these changes were accompanied by decreased SERT expression, elevated numbers of microglia cells and malondialdehyde levels in, and restricted to, the prefrontal cortex. Significance: The WD induces a spectrum of behaviors that are more reminiscent of ADHD and ASD than previously recognized and suggests that, in addition to the impairment of impulsivity and sociability, the consumption of a WD might be expected to exacerbate motor dysfunction that is also known to be associated with adult ADHD and ASD.

© 2019 Elsevier Ltd The aim of the study was to investigate the content and distribution of fucosylated sugar residues and Lewis Y (LeY) in the endothelial glycocalyx (eGC) in placental tissue at early and late onset fetal growth restriction (FGR). Our findings demonstrated that the changes of the fucosylated glycans of type 2 (H2)/LeY in the vascular endothelium of the villi may reflect alteration of villi maturation, or adaptation to hypoxia through the change of cell proliferation potential and induction angiogenesis. Early onset FGR differs from late onset FGR by a markedly increased LeY expression, being associated with more severe pathological state.

© 2020 by the authors; licensee Growing Science, Canada. The article reviews methods of transportation for various types of imported medicinal plant materials of ginseng roots from China to the Russian Federation, with due consideration for risks. Logistic supply chains for ginseng roots have been developed and proposed based on the systemic method of research and the information analytical method. The optimal method for transportation of pharmaceutical substances of plant origin is chosen on the basis of the priority criteria for the cargo owner, as well as with due consideration for the peculiarities of the type of medicinal plant materials of ginseng roots.

© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020. The author considers an important problem of using the Huff model for obtaining quantitative estimates of trade turnover of the shopping center. The aim of the article is to identify the actual limitations of the specified model, which when conducting a practical assessment of potential trade turnover of large objects of commercial real estate in a significant way affect the quantitative results of the calculation and the quality of the conclusions. In accordance with the goal, the author solved the following tasks: –economic and mathematical structure of the Huff model is considered; –the calibration parameters of the model are revealed, the accuracy of which determines the accuracy of calculations and the correctness of conclusions; –an algorithm for estimating the potential trade turnover of the trading center based on a combination of the Huff model and econometric methods is constructed. The hypothesis of the research: For correct application of the Huff model in practice it is necessary to use econometric methods of estimation of calibration parameters. The article shows that the evaluation of calibration parameters of the model significantly affects the accuracy of the evaluation. As a result, the necessity of using empirical data and constructing econometric model based on them is proved by obtaining accurate quantitative estimates. The author presents the algorithm of correct estimation of potential trade turnover of the shopping center using econometric estimation of parameters of the Huff model, empirical and expert data and a calculation example. Conclusions on the use in practice of the Huff model with its methodological and actual limitations are formulated.

© 2019 The Authors Emerging evidence indicates that dietary nitrate can reverse several features of the metabolic syndrome, but the underlying molecular mechanisms still remain elusive. The aim of the present study was to explore mechanisms involved in the effects of dietary nitrate on the metabolic dysfunctions induced by high-fat diet (HFD) in mice. Four weeks old C57BL/6 male mice, exposed to HFD for ten weeks, were characterised by increased body weight, fat content, increased fasting glucose and impaired glucose clearance. All these metabolic abnormalities were significantly attenuated by dietary nitrate. Mechanistically, subcutaneous primary mouse adipocytes exposed to palmitate (PA) and treated with nitrite exhibited higher mitochondrial respiration, increased protein expression of total mitochondrial complexes and elevated gene expression of the thermogenesis gene UCP-1, as well as of the creatine transporter SLC6A8. Finally, dietary nitrate increased the expression of anti-inflammatory markers in visceral fat, plasma and bone marrow-derived macrophages (Arginase-1, Egr-2, IL-10), which was associated with reduction of NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide production in macrophages. In conclusion, dietary nitrate may have therapeutic utility against obesity and associated metabolic complications possibly by increasing adipocyte mitochondrial respiration and by dampening inflammation and oxidative stress.

© 2019 Elsevier B.V. and Mitochondria Research Society Mitochondria have been widely accepted as the main source of ATP in the cell. The inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) is important for the maintenance of ATP production and other functions of mitochondria. The electron transport chain (ETC) generates an electrochemical gradient of protons known as the proton-motive force across the IMM and thus produces the mitochondrial membrane potential that is critical to ATP synthesis. One of the main factors regulating the structural and functional integrity of the IMM is the changes in the matrix volume. Mild (reversible) swelling regulates mitochondrial metabolism and function; however, excessive (irreversible) swelling causes mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. The central mechanism of mitochondrial swelling includes the opening of non-selective channels known as permeability transition pores (PTPs) in the IMM by high mitochondrial Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The mechanisms of reversible and irreversible mitochondrial swelling and transition between these two states are still unknown. The present study elucidates an upgraded biophysical model of reversible and irreversible mitochondrial swelling dynamics. The model provides a description of the PTP regulation dynamics using an additional differential equation. The rigidity tensor was used in numerical simulations of the mitochondrial parameter dynamics with different initial conditions defined by Ca2+ concentration in the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum. We were able to estimate the values of the IMM rigidity tensor components by fitting the model to the previously reported experimental data. Overall, the model provides a better description of the reversible and irreversible mitochondrial swelling dynamics.

© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020. This chapter reports a library preparation protocol for efficient high-throughput sequencing of double-stranded RNA viruses. The protocol consists of four main steps, viz., enzyme treatment, precipitation using lithium chloride, full-length amplification of cDNAs, and tailing adapters for high-throughput sequencing. This protocol will be useful for all double-stranded RNA viruses and for all of the high-throughput sequencing platforms.

© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020. We describe here the Oncobox method for scoring efficiencies of anticancer target drugs (ATDs) using high throughput gene expression data. The method rationale, design, and validation are given along with the examples of its practical applications in biomedicine. The method is based on the analysis of intracellular molecular pathways activation and measuring expressions of molecular target genes for every ATD under consideration. Using Oncobox method requires collection of normal (control) expression profiles and annotated databases of molecular pathways and drug target genes. Both microarray and RNA sequencing profiles are acceptable, although the latter type of data prevails in the most recent applications of this technique.

© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020. Intracellular molecular pathways (IMPs) control all major events in the living cell. IMPs are considered hotspots in biomedical sciences and thousands of IMPs have been discovered for humans and model organisms. Knowledge of IMPs activation is essential for understanding biological functions and differences between the biological objects at the molecular level. Here we describe the Oncobox system for accurate quantitative scoring activities of up to several thousand molecular pathways based on high throughput molecular data. Although initially designed for gene expression and mainly RNA sequencing data, Oncobox is now also applicable for quantitative proteomics, microRNA and transcription factor binding sites mapping data. The Oncobox system includes modules of gene expression data harmonization, aggregation and comparison and a recursive algorithm for automatic annotation of molecular pathways. The universal rationale of Oncobox enables scoring of signaling, metabolic, cytoskeleton, immunity, DNA repair, and other pathways in a multitude of biological objects. The Oncobox system can be helpful to all those working in the fields of genetics, biochemistry, interactomics, and big data analytics in molecular biomedicine.

© 2019 Elsevier Ltd Attenuation and velocity (Speed-of-Sound) in a trabecular bone were calculated and evaluated from ultrasound pulse-echoes detection and their processing, applying a single US transducer that operates in transmit/receive mode. The processing of US pulse-echoes utilized development of algorithms for the attenuation and the Speed-of-Sound in trabecular bone. These ultra-sound pulse-echoes were obtained from the front and rear surfaces of a trabecular bone sample. The motivation for this work was to develop an efficient intraosseous monitoring device that provides the Speed-of-Sound and attenuation intraoperatively and in real-time and therefore can be implemented during a surgery. Ultrasonic measurements were performed in the frequency range of 3.5–6.5 [MHz]. In these experiments, the fresh trabecular bone samples were from sheep femora and humerus. The measuring results were correlated (R2 ≥ 0.95) with those obtained previously, mainly during transmission mode studies. According to the obtained results, the presented method presumably will be utilized as a clinical tool in bone surgical procedures and therefore will be able to provide better outcomes, while monitoring intraoperatively and in real-rime intraosseous trabecular bone attenuation and its velocity: In the next stage of this study, the method will be carried out on human tissues and also intraoperatively, during human clinical trials. It is planned to perform it on long bones/tibia, vertebra, in neurosurgery – for drilling the skull and also in dental implantation surgery.

© 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Multifactorial nature of human health and need in personifying the approach to each person in the health saving programs should use modern information and cognitive technologies for the tasks of health assessment and control. The article presents a concept, basic methods, and a structure of intelligent system of health saving (InSyHS), created by the authors to solve these tasks. This system implements the intelligent Internet technology based on modern cognitive methods and information about health, considering all possible health-determining essential factors (nutrition, physical activity, lifestyle, social and nature environment), and doing people to form an active relation to health with the possibility of self-diagnostics (physical and mental reserves, stress, psycho-emotional characteristics), optimization and personalization of personal health saving programs.

© 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The chapter is devoted to the attacks modeling for Cyber-Physical systems of industrial enterprises with regard to risk assessment. In this chapter the analysis of corporate systems of industrial is held; systems’ attacks and risk assessment techniques were studied; software for attacks modeling are compared. Information models of corporate networks and attacks are developed; describes the design and basic functions of the module for assessing the risks of attacks in the corporate system. Corporate networks of more than 70% of industrial enterprises are potentially vulnerable to hacker attacks. Today, according to research by Positive Technologies analysts, hackers can cross the perimeter and get into the corporate network of 73% of the companies in the industrial segment. In 82% of companies, penetration from the corporate network to the technological one is possible. One of the main opportunities for obtaining unauthorized access to the enterprise network turned out to be administrative control channels. Solving the problem of ensuring the information security of Cyber-Physical systems is an urgent task today.

© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020. DNA mutations govern cancer development. Cancer mutation profiles vary dramatically among the individuals. In some cases, they may serve as the predictors of disease progression and response to therapies. However, the biomarker potential of cancer mutations can be dramatically (several orders of magnitude) enhanced by applying molecular pathway-based approach. We developed Oncobox system for calculation of pathway instability (PI) values for the molecular pathways that are aggregated mutation frequencies of the pathway members normalized on gene lengths and on number of genes in the pathway. PI scores can be effective biomarkers in different types of comparisons, for example, as the cancer type biomarkers and as the predictors of tumor response to target therapies. The latter option is implemented using mutation drug score (MDS) values, which algorithmically rank the drugs capacity of interfering with the mutated molecular pathways. Here, describe the mathematical basis and algorithms for PI and MDS values calculation, validation and implementation. The example analysis is provided encompassing 5956 human tumor mutation profiles of 15 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project, that totally make 2,316,670 mutations in 19,872 genes and 1748 molecular pathways, thus enabling ranking of 128 clinically approved target drugs. Our results evidence that the Oncobox PI and MDS approaches are highly useful for basic and applied aspects of molecular oncology and pharmacology research.

© 2020 Global-Science Press In this paper we introduce a new mathematical model for the active contraction of cardiac muscle, featuring different thermo-electric and nonlinear conductivity properties. The passive hyperelastic response of the tissue is described by an orthotropic exponential model, whereas the ionic activity dictates active contraction incorporated through the concept of orthotropic active strain. We use a fully incompressible formulation, and the generated strain modifies directly the conductivity mechanisms in the medium through the pull-back transformation. We also investigate the influence of thermo-electric effects in the onset of multiphysics emergent spatiotemporal dynamics, using nonlinear diffusion. It turns out that these ingredients have a key role in reproducing pathological chaotic dynamics such as ventricular fibrillation during inflammatory events, for instance. The specific structure of the governing equations suggests to cast the problem in mixed-primal form and we write it in terms of Kirchhoff stress, displacements, solid pressure, dimensionless electric potential, activation generation, and ionic variables. We also advance a new mixed-primal finite element method for its numerical approximation, and we use it to explore the properties of the model and to assess the importance of coupling terms, by means of a few computational experiments in 3D.

© 2019 The Author(s) A prothrombotic state is frequently observed in patients with cancer and contributes to the risks of venous thromboembolism (VTE), arterial thromboembolism (ATE), tumor progression, and death. Altered ex vivo properties of plasma clot formation and lysis have been observed in patients with cancer. The aim of this prospective study was to comprehensively characterize the relationship between plasma clot properties, inflammation, hypercoagulability, thrombotic complications, and mortality in patients with cancer using a tissue-factor-based turbidimetric assay of clot formation and lysis. Turbidity parameters were determined in 815 patients with newly-diagnosed or recurrent cancer and 97 healthy controls. Patients were followed-up for 2 years and rates of VTE (n = 72 events), ATE (n = 21 events), and death (n = 304 events) were assessed. Compared to controls, cancer patients’ turbidity profiles showed an increased clot formation potential and higher resistance toward fibrinolysis. Elevated biomarkers of inflammation and hemostasis, such as C-reactive protein, FVIII, and thrombin generation explained substantial amounts of variation in turbidity parameters. In a prospective analysis, altered parameters of clot formation identified cancer patients at high risk of ATE (Hazard ratio [HR] per doubling of peak absorbance: 4.43, 95% CI: 1.50–13.07, P = 0.007) and death (HR per doubling of peak absorbance: 2.73, 2.00–3.72, P< 0.0001); these findings were independent of other prognostic covariates. Contrarily, turbidity parameters were not associated with risk of VTE (HR per doubling of peak absorbance: 1.15, 0.66–2.01, P = 0.62). We conclude that patients with cancer have altered ex vivo properties of clot formation which predict risks of ATE and mortality but not VTE.

© 2019 Elsevier Ltd Background: Single studies suggest that nursing students perceive caring as more an instrumental than expressive behaviour and indicate some differences between caring perceptions in junior and senior nursing students. However, there are limited studies investigating caring perceptions in nursing students across multiple cultures. Objective: To determine perceptions of caring in Slovene, Croatian, Chinese and Russian nursing students and explore whether there are statistically significant differences in perceptions of caring between countries and between first and third-year nursing students. Design: A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used. Settings and participants: The study included 604 nursing students enrolled in first and third year in seven different nursing faculties in four countries: Slovenia; China; Croatia; and the Russian Federation. Methods: The 25-item Caring Dimension Inventory (CDI-25) was used to measure caring perceptions. We also included demographic questions regarding age, gender, country, year of study and type of study. Demographic data were analysed using descriptive analysis while a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) adjusted for unequal sample sizes was performed together with a post hoc analysis of the results. Results: The results of two-way ANOVA showed that both main effects (country and year of study) were statistically significant, as well as their interaction at the 0.05 significance level. The main effect for country was F(3, 596) = 3.591, p < 0.0136 indicating a significant difference in CDI-25 between Slovenia (M = 108.9, SD = 9.2), Russian Federation (M = 107.1, SD = 8.2), China (M = 102.8, SD = 9.7) and Croatia (M = 110.0, SD = 8.6). Conclusions: Perceptions of caring in nursing students differ across countries, probably due to different educational systems, curricula, cultural differences and societal values. Implementing caring theories in nursing curricula could help students to cultivate caring during their education.

© 2019 The Authors Executive function is defined as a set of cognitive skills that are necessary to plan, monitor, and execute a sequence of goal-directed complex actions. Executive function is influenced by a variety of factors, including habitual sleep duration and diabetes. In the present study, we investigated in 18,769 Swedish adults (mean age: 61 y) the association between executive function, diabetes, and self-reported sleep duration. We observed a significant interaction between diabetes and sleep duration for the Trail Making Test (TMT) ratio (P < 0.01). This ratio is a measure of executive function where higher values indicate worse performance. Among diabetic participants (n = 1,523), long (defined as ≥9 h per day) vs. normal sleep duration (defined as 7–8 hours per day) was associated with a higher TMT ratio (P < 0.05). Similar significant results were observed in diabetic individuals without pharmacological treatment for diabetes (n = 1,062). Among non-diabetic participants (n = 17,246), no association between long sleep duration and the TMT ratio was observed (P > 0.05). Instead, short (defined as <7 h per day) vs. normal sleep duration was linked to a higher TMT ratio (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that the association between sleep duration and executive function differs between diabetic and non-diabetic middle-aged and older adults. Based on the cross-sectional design of the study, no firm conclusions can be drawn on the causality of the relations.

© 2019 Elsevier B.V. Ultrasound is an advanced non-thermal food-processing technology that has received increasing amounts of interest as an alternative to, or an adjuvant method for, conventional processing techniques. This review explores the sono-physical and sono-chemical effects of ultrasound on food processing as it reviews two typical food-processing applications that are predominantly driven by sono-physical effects, namely ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and ultrasound-assisted freezing (UAF), and the components modifications to food matrices that can be triggered by sono-chemical effects. Efficiency enhancements and quality improvements in products (and extracts) using ultrasound are discussed in terms of mechanism and principles for a range of food-matrix categories, while efforts to improve existing ultrasound-assist patterns was also seen. Furthermore, the progress of experimental ultrasonic equipments for UAE and UAF as food-processing technologies, the core of the development in food-processing techniques is considered. Moreover, sono-chemical reactions that are usually overlooked, such as degradation, oxidation and other particular chemical modifications that occur in common food components under specific conditions, and the influence on bioactivity, which was also affected by food processing to varying degrees, are also summarised. Further trends as well as some challenges for, and limitations of, ultrasound technology for food processing, with UAE and UAF used as examples herein, are also taken into consideration and possible future recommendations were made.

© 2019 The Authors Background: Retigabine is an antiepileptic drug developed for the adjunctive treatment of adults with epilepsy and partial-onset seizures (POS). Following its approval in 2011, reports of ophthalmological/dermatological pigmentation/discoloration led to a restriction of the indication in 2013, and in 2017, retigabine was voluntarily withdrawn from the market because of its limited usage. Here, data are reported from four open-label extension studies focusing on long-term safety with particular emphasis on ophthalmological and dermatological events. Methods: Studies 113413 (NCT01336621), 114873 (NCT01777139), 115097 (NCT00310388), and 115098 (NCT00310375) were multicenter, open-label extension studies of retigabine (300–1200 mg/day) for the adjunctive treatment of adults with POS. Safety assessments included monitoring treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs). When new safety issues were identified, protocols were amended to include additional on-treatment safety evaluations, including ophthalmological and dermatological examinations. Patients who had abnormal retinal pigmentation, unexplained vision change, pigmentation of nonretinal ocular tissue, or abnormal discoloration of skin, lips, nails, and/or mucosa at the end of the treatment phase were asked to enter a safety follow-up continuation phase comprising 6-monthly ophthalmological/dermatological assessments. Results: The safety population (patients receiving ≥ 1 dose of retigabine in the open-label phase) comprised 98, 30, 376, and 181 patients for studies 113413, 114873, 115097, and 115098, respectively. Mean (standard deviation) treatment exposure ranged from 529 (424) to 1129 (999) days. In total, 68%–96% and 4%–27% of patients across the studies experienced TEAEs and TE SAEs, respectively. There were seven on-treatment deaths and two after discontinuation. Overall, 14%–73% of patients had an on-treatment eye examination, of whom 8/53, 4/22, 17/54, and 14/36 had abnormal retinal pigmentation and 15/53, 7/22, 15/54, and 11/36 had nonretinal ocular pigmentation in studies 113413, 114873, 115097, and 115098, respectively. Four patients had confirmed acquired vitelliform maculopathy. In patients with unresolved events at discontinuation and ≥ 1 posttreatment follow-up, retinal pigmentation resolved completely in 1/3, 0/3, 0/10, and 1/7 patients and nonretinal ocular pigmentation in 1/4, 0/3, 8/10, and 4/6 patients, respectively. Overall, 12%–83% of patients had an on-treatment dermatological examination, of whom 11/58, 0/25, 23/46, and 23/37 had any-tissue discoloration, respectively. In patients with unresolved events at discontinuation and ≥ 1 posttreatment follow-up, discoloration of skin, lips, nails, and/or mucosa resolved completely in 2/3, 0/0, 7/13, and 1/11 patients, respectively. Conclusions: The safety profile of retigabine in adults with POS across four open-label studies was generally consistent with data from previous placebo-controlled studies. Discoloration of various tissues occurred in a proportion of patients treated with retigabine and resolved completely in a small number of these patients following treatment discontinuation. In addition, comprehensive eye examination identified a new adverse reaction of acquired vitelliform maculopathy in a limited number of patients.