Репозиторий Университета

© 2020, Ecozone, OAIMDD. All rights reserved. The article presents the historical stages of the formation and development of the ideas of Deontology and medical ethics and highlights the world community‟s interest in relevant problems of Bioethics. The principles of ethical-deontological relations are shown on the example of priest-doctors‟ difficult but at the same time vivid life path. The priests presented in the article are great personalities in world history.

© 2020, Ecozone, OAIMDD. All rights reserved. The article presents the historical stages of the formation and development of the ideas of Deontology and medical ethics and highlights the world community‟s interest in relevant problems of Bioethics. The principles of ethical-deontological relations are shown on the example of priest-doctors‟ difficult but at the same time vivid life path. The priests presented in the article are great personalities in world history.

© 2020, Ecozone, OAIMDD. All rights reserved. The article presents the historical stages of the formation and development of the ideas of Deontology and medical ethics and highlights the world community‟s interest in relevant problems of Bioethics. The principles of ethical-deontological relations are shown on the example of priest-doctors‟ difficult but at the same time vivid life path. The priests presented in the article are great personalities in world history.

© 2020, The Author(s). This narrative review was conducted to synthesize and summarize available up-to-date evidence on current health status, including both non-communicable diseases and infectious diseases, of migrants and refugees from the former Soviet Union countries in the Russian Federation. Epidemiological and sociological studies with one or more determinants of the health, as well as relevant qualitative studies characterizing risk factors, well-being indicators, and lifestyles of migrants and refugees from the former Soviet Union countries in Russia published from 2004 to 2019 in Russian and English languages were included in the review. Despite significant limitations of the available research literature in the field, some patterns in migrants’ health in Russia and issues that need to be addressed were identified. In particular, the syndemic epidemics of communicable and non-communicable diseases, additively increasing negative health consequences, including cardiovascular diseases and chronic digestive system diseases, high rates of sexually transmitted infections and HIV, respiratory diseases and a growing percentage of new tuberculosis cases among migrants from the former Soviet Union countries are all of great concern. Possibly, the burden of these co-occurring morbidities is linked to commonly reported issues among this population group, such as poor nutrition and living conditions, high prevalence of unskilled manual labour, non-compliance with sanitary norms, lack of basic vaccinations, lack of basic knowledge about safe sexual practices and risky sexual behaviour, low healthcare seeking behaviour and limited access to health care. Importantly, these findings may urge the government to increase efforts and promote international collaboration in combating the threat of infectious diseases. Additionally, it was found that migrants had higher levels of anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder, and those who stayed in the receiving country 5 years or more had a higher level of somatic pathology than those whose stay was less than 5 years. In order to ensure an adequate health system response and fulfil the main Universal Health Coverage principle of “leaving no one behind”, a robust monitoring system of the health status of refugees and migrants and an integrated legal framework for the standardized and more inclusive routine care for this population in Russia is urgently needed.

© 2020, Ecozone, OAIMDD. All rights reserved. The article presents the historical stages of the formation and development of the ideas of Deontology and medical ethics and highlights the world community‟s interest in relevant problems of Bioethics. The principles of ethical-deontological relations are shown on the example of priest-doctors‟ difficult but at the same time vivid life path. The priests presented in the article are great personalities in world history.

© 2020, Ecozone, OAIMDD. All rights reserved. The article presents the historical stages of the formation and development of the ideas of Deontology and medical ethics and highlights the world community‟s interest in relevant problems of Bioethics. The principles of ethical-deontological relations are shown on the example of priest-doctors‟ difficult but at the same time vivid life path. The priests presented in the article are great personalities in world history.

© 2020, Ecozone, OAIMDD. All rights reserved. The article presents the historical stages of the formation and development of the ideas of Deontology and medical ethics and highlights the world community‟s interest in relevant problems of Bioethics. The principles of ethical-deontological relations are shown on the example of priest-doctors‟ difficult but at the same time vivid life path. The priests presented in the article are great personalities in world history.

© 2020, Ecozone, OAIMDD. All rights reserved. The article presents the historical stages of the formation and development of the ideas of Deontology and medical ethics and highlights the world community‟s interest in relevant problems of Bioethics. The principles of ethical-deontological relations are shown on the example of priest-doctors‟ difficult but at the same time vivid life path. The priests presented in the article are great personalities in world history.

© 2020, Ecozone, OAIMDD. All rights reserved. The article presents the historical stages of the formation and development of the ideas of Deontology and medical ethics and highlights the world community‟s interest in relevant problems of Bioethics. The principles of ethical-deontological relations are shown on the example of priest-doctors‟ difficult but at the same time vivid life path. The priests presented in the article are great personalities in world history.

© 2020 Elsevier B.V. Background: Photoimmunotherapy (PIT) is an emerging method of cancer treatment based on the use of a photosensitizer near-infrared dye IRDye700DX (IR700) conjugated to a monoclonal antibody. The antibody selectively delivers IR700 to cancer cells, which can then be killed after photoexcitation. Glypican-1 (GPC-1) is a novel target expressed specifically in malignant tumors. We aimed to investigate whether anti-GPC-1 antibody Miltuximab® (Glytherix Ltd., Sydney, Australia) can be conjugated with IR700 for PIT of solid tumors. Methods: The dye IR700 was conjugated with Miltuximab® and characterized by spectrophotometry and flow cytometry. Miltuximab®-IR700-mediated PIT was tested in prostate (DU-145), bladder (C3 and T-24), brain (U-87 and U-251) and ovarian (SKOV-3) cancer cell lines. After 1 h incubation with Miltuximab®-IR700, the cells were washed by PBS and illuminated using a 690-nm light-emitting diode. The viability of the cells was assessed by a CCK-8 viability kit 24 h later. Results: Miltuximab®-IR700-mediated PIT caused 67.3–92.3% reduction in viability of cells with medium-high GPC-1 expression and did not affect the viability of GPC-1-low cells. Cytotoxicity was attributed to the targeted binding of the conjugate with subsequent photoactivation, as the conjugate or light exposure alone had no effect on the cell viability. Miltuximab®-IR700 did not induce cytotoxicity in cells blocked by unconjugated Miltuximab®. Conclusions: PIT with Miltuximab®-IR700 appears to be highly specific and effective against GPC-1-expressing cancer cells, indicating that it holds promise for an effective and safe treatment of early stage solid tumors or as adjuvant therapy following surgical resection. These findings necessitate further investigation of PIT with Miltuximab®-IR700 in other GPC-1-expressing cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo in xenograft tumor models.

© 2020, Ecozone, OAIMDD. All rights reserved. The article presents the historical stages of the formation and development of the ideas of Deontology and medical ethics and highlights the world community‟s interest in relevant problems of Bioethics. The principles of ethical-deontological relations are shown on the example of priest-doctors‟ difficult but at the same time vivid life path. The priests presented in the article are great personalities in world history.

© 2020 Elsevier B.V. Background: Photoimmunotherapy (PIT) is an emerging method of cancer treatment based on the use of a photosensitizer near-infrared dye IRDye700DX (IR700) conjugated to a monoclonal antibody. The antibody selectively delivers IR700 to cancer cells, which can then be killed after photoexcitation. Glypican-1 (GPC-1) is a novel target expressed specifically in malignant tumors. We aimed to investigate whether anti-GPC-1 antibody Miltuximab® (Glytherix Ltd., Sydney, Australia) can be conjugated with IR700 for PIT of solid tumors. Methods: The dye IR700 was conjugated with Miltuximab® and characterized by spectrophotometry and flow cytometry. Miltuximab®-IR700-mediated PIT was tested in prostate (DU-145), bladder (C3 and T-24), brain (U-87 and U-251) and ovarian (SKOV-3) cancer cell lines. After 1 h incubation with Miltuximab®-IR700, the cells were washed by PBS and illuminated using a 690-nm light-emitting diode. The viability of the cells was assessed by a CCK-8 viability kit 24 h later. Results: Miltuximab®-IR700-mediated PIT caused 67.3–92.3% reduction in viability of cells with medium-high GPC-1 expression and did not affect the viability of GPC-1-low cells. Cytotoxicity was attributed to the targeted binding of the conjugate with subsequent photoactivation, as the conjugate or light exposure alone had no effect on the cell viability. Miltuximab®-IR700 did not induce cytotoxicity in cells blocked by unconjugated Miltuximab®. Conclusions: PIT with Miltuximab®-IR700 appears to be highly specific and effective against GPC-1-expressing cancer cells, indicating that it holds promise for an effective and safe treatment of early stage solid tumors or as adjuvant therapy following surgical resection. These findings necessitate further investigation of PIT with Miltuximab®-IR700 in other GPC-1-expressing cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo in xenograft tumor models.

© 2020, Ecozone, OAIMDD. All rights reserved. The article presents the historical stages of the formation and development of the ideas of Deontology and medical ethics and highlights the world community‟s interest in relevant problems of Bioethics. The principles of ethical-deontological relations are shown on the example of priest-doctors‟ difficult but at the same time vivid life path. The priests presented in the article are great personalities in world history.

© 2020 Elsevier B.V. Background: Photoimmunotherapy (PIT) is an emerging method of cancer treatment based on the use of a photosensitizer near-infrared dye IRDye700DX (IR700) conjugated to a monoclonal antibody. The antibody selectively delivers IR700 to cancer cells, which can then be killed after photoexcitation. Glypican-1 (GPC-1) is a novel target expressed specifically in malignant tumors. We aimed to investigate whether anti-GPC-1 antibody Miltuximab® (Glytherix Ltd., Sydney, Australia) can be conjugated with IR700 for PIT of solid tumors. Methods: The dye IR700 was conjugated with Miltuximab® and characterized by spectrophotometry and flow cytometry. Miltuximab®-IR700-mediated PIT was tested in prostate (DU-145), bladder (C3 and T-24), brain (U-87 and U-251) and ovarian (SKOV-3) cancer cell lines. After 1 h incubation with Miltuximab®-IR700, the cells were washed by PBS and illuminated using a 690-nm light-emitting diode. The viability of the cells was assessed by a CCK-8 viability kit 24 h later. Results: Miltuximab®-IR700-mediated PIT caused 67.3–92.3% reduction in viability of cells with medium-high GPC-1 expression and did not affect the viability of GPC-1-low cells. Cytotoxicity was attributed to the targeted binding of the conjugate with subsequent photoactivation, as the conjugate or light exposure alone had no effect on the cell viability. Miltuximab®-IR700 did not induce cytotoxicity in cells blocked by unconjugated Miltuximab®. Conclusions: PIT with Miltuximab®-IR700 appears to be highly specific and effective against GPC-1-expressing cancer cells, indicating that it holds promise for an effective and safe treatment of early stage solid tumors or as adjuvant therapy following surgical resection. These findings necessitate further investigation of PIT with Miltuximab®-IR700 in other GPC-1-expressing cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo in xenograft tumor models.

© 2020, Ecozone, OAIMDD. All rights reserved. The article presents the historical stages of the formation and development of the ideas of Deontology and medical ethics and highlights the world community‟s interest in relevant problems of Bioethics. The principles of ethical-deontological relations are shown on the example of priest-doctors‟ difficult but at the same time vivid life path. The priests presented in the article are great personalities in world history.

© 2020 Sports Medicine Australia Objectives: Para athletes with brain impairment are affected by hypertonia, ataxia and athetosis, which adversely affect starting, sprinting and submaximal running. The aim was to identify and synthesise evidence from studies that have compared the biomechanics of runners with brain impairments (RBI) and non-disabled runners (NDR). Design: Systematic review. Methods: Five journal databases were systematically searched from inception to March 2020. Included studies compared the biomechanics of RBI (aged > 14 years) and NDR performing either block-starts, sprinting, or submaximal running. Results: Eight studies were included, analysing a total of 100 RBI (78M:22F; 18–38 years) diagnosed with either cerebral palsy (n = 44) or traumatic brain injury (n = 56). Studies analysed block-starts (n = 3), overground sprinting (n = 3) and submaximal running (n = 2), and submaximal treadmill running (n = 1). Horizontal velocity during starts, sprinting and self-selected submaximal speeds were lower in RBI. During sprinting and submaximal running, compared with NDR, RBI had shorter stride length, step length, and flight time, increased ground-contact time, increased cadence, and reduced ankle and hip range of motion. In submaximal running, RBI had decreased ankle-power generation at toe-off. Conclusions: There is limited research and small sample sizes in this area. However, preliminary evidence suggests that RBI had lower sprint speeds and biomechanical characteristics typical of submaximal running speeds in NDR, including increased ground-contact times and reduced stride length, step length, and flight times. Meaningful interpretation of biomechanical findings in RBI is impeded by impairment variability (type, severity and distribution), and methods which permit valid, reliable impairment stratification in larger samples are required.

© 2020, Ecozone, OAIMDD. All rights reserved. The article presents the historical stages of the formation and development of the ideas of Deontology and medical ethics and highlights the world community‟s interest in relevant problems of Bioethics. The principles of ethical-deontological relations are shown on the example of priest-doctors‟ difficult but at the same time vivid life path. The priests presented in the article are great personalities in world history.

© 2020 Sports Medicine Australia Objectives: Para athletes with brain impairment are affected by hypertonia, ataxia and athetosis, which adversely affect starting, sprinting and submaximal running. The aim was to identify and synthesise evidence from studies that have compared the biomechanics of runners with brain impairments (RBI) and non-disabled runners (NDR). Design: Systematic review. Methods: Five journal databases were systematically searched from inception to March 2020. Included studies compared the biomechanics of RBI (aged > 14 years) and NDR performing either block-starts, sprinting, or submaximal running. Results: Eight studies were included, analysing a total of 100 RBI (78M:22F; 18–38 years) diagnosed with either cerebral palsy (n = 44) or traumatic brain injury (n = 56). Studies analysed block-starts (n = 3), overground sprinting (n = 3) and submaximal running (n = 2), and submaximal treadmill running (n = 1). Horizontal velocity during starts, sprinting and self-selected submaximal speeds were lower in RBI. During sprinting and submaximal running, compared with NDR, RBI had shorter stride length, step length, and flight time, increased ground-contact time, increased cadence, and reduced ankle and hip range of motion. In submaximal running, RBI had decreased ankle-power generation at toe-off. Conclusions: There is limited research and small sample sizes in this area. However, preliminary evidence suggests that RBI had lower sprint speeds and biomechanical characteristics typical of submaximal running speeds in NDR, including increased ground-contact times and reduced stride length, step length, and flight times. Meaningful interpretation of biomechanical findings in RBI is impeded by impairment variability (type, severity and distribution), and methods which permit valid, reliable impairment stratification in larger samples are required.

© 2020, Ecozone, OAIMDD. All rights reserved. The article presents the historical stages of the formation and development of the ideas of Deontology and medical ethics and highlights the world community‟s interest in relevant problems of Bioethics. The principles of ethical-deontological relations are shown on the example of priest-doctors‟ difficult but at the same time vivid life path. The priests presented in the article are great personalities in world history.

© 2020, Springer Healthcare Ltd., part of Springer Nature. Introduction: The relationship between blood pressure (BP) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) is not fully understood. This study evaluated the impact of a perindopril arginine/indapamide (Pa/I) single-pill combination (SPC) on CBF in middle-aged patients. Methods: A total of 22 treatment-naïve patients with essential hypertension and at least one hypertension-mediated organ damage and 41 healthy controls were enrolled. At baseline, all participants underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); patients with hypertension underwent an additional MRI at end of follow-up. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) was used to calculate CBF in the frontal lobe cortical plate. Patients with hypertension received once-daily Pa/I 5 mg/1.25 mg SPC, which could be increased to Pa/I 10 mg/2.5 mg at 2 weeks if necessary. Patients with hypertension underwent 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) at baseline and end of follow-up. Results: Mean baseline BP values were 146.2/93.1 and 119.1/76.1 mmHg in the hypertension and control groups, respectively. Patients with hypertension had significantly (p < 0.001) lower CBF in the cortical plate of both left (36.2 ± 8.3 vs. 45.3 ± 3.5 ml/100 g/min) and right (37.9 ± 7.9 vs. 45.8 ± 3.2 ml/100 g/min) frontal lobes compared to normotensive controls. At the end of follow-up, there was a statistically significant (p < 0.001) increase in CBF in the cortical plate of both left (from 36.2 ± 8.3 to 47.5 ± 9.8 ml/100 g/min) and right frontal lobes (from 37.9 ± 7.9 to 47.4 ± 10.1 ml/100 g/min) compared to baseline. No significant difference was found between end of follow-up CBF levels in frontal lobes of patients with hypertension and those of healthy controls at baseline. Office BP decreased by 24.2/15.5 mmHg and 24-h ABPM from 145.5/95.3 to 120.8/79.3 mmHg. Conclusion: In middle-aged, treatment-naïve patients with hypertension, Pa/I SPC was associated with increased CBF in the cortical plate of the frontal lobes, which achieved levels of normotensive controls. The increase in CBF had no clear association with observed BP changes. Registration number: ISRCTN67799751.