Репозиторий Университета

© 2018 The Author(s). Presently, many malaria-endemic countries in the world are transitioning towards malaria elimination. Out of the 105 countries with ongoing malaria transmission, 10 countries are classified as being in the pre-elimination phase of malaria control, and 9 countries are in the malaria elimination stage, whereas 7 countries are classified as being in the prevention of introduction phase. Between 2000 and 2015, 17 countries eliminated malaria (i.e., attained zero indigenous cases for 3 years or more). Seven countries were certified by the WHO as having successfully eliminated malaria. The purpose of this review was to analyse the epidemiological characteristics of vivax malaria during the various stages of malaria eradication (elimination) programmes in different countries in the past and present. Experiences of the republics of the former USSR with malaria are interesting, particularly since the data overwhelmingly were published in Russian and might not be known to western readers. Among the most important characteristics of Plasmodium vivax epidemiology at present are changes in the ratio of the short-incubation P. vivax to long-incubation P. vivax, the incidence of severe P. vivax cases, the increased numbers of asymptomatic P. vivax cases, the reduced response to anti-malarials and a few others. Various factors contributing towards the peculiarities of P. vivax epidemiology are discussed.

© 2018, © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor  &  Francis Group. Objective: In the four SMILE (Survival of Myocardial Infarction Long-Term Evaluation) studies, early administration of zofenopril in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) showed beneficial effects as compared to placebo and other angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs). This study investigated whether the concomitant administration of the dihydropyridine calcium channel-blocker amlodipine may improve zofenopril efficacy to prevent cardiovascular events in post-AMI patients. Methods: This was a post-hoc analysis of pooled individual patient data from the four large randomized SMILE studies. The primary endpoint was the 1-year combined occurrence of death or hospitalization for cardiovascular causes. Results: In total, 3488 patients were considered, 303 (8.7%) treated with concomitant amlodipine. Baseline systolic blood pressure and prevalence of metabolic syndrome were higher in amlodipine treated patients. The 1-year occurrence of major cardiovascular outcomes was significantly reduced in patients receiving concomitant treatment with amlodipine (hazard ratio, HR = 0.66; and 95% confidence interval, CI = 0.44–0.98; p =.039). After accounting for treatment with amlodipine, the risk of cardiovascular events was significantly reduced with zofenopril compared to placebo (HR = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.63–0.97; p =.026]. Among ACEI-treated patients, the zofenopril plus amlodipine combination reduced the risk of cardiovascular events by 38%, compared to the combination of other ACEIs plus amlodipine [HR = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.61–0.94); p =.013). The prognostic benefit of concomitant treatment with zofenopril plus amlodipine was independent from blood pressure lowering. Conclusions: Zofenopril had a positive impact on prognosis in post-AMI patients, compared to other ACEIs. Concomitant administration of amlodipine may help to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events at 1 year.

© 2018 by the authors. Objectives: Resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGIC) are considered excellent restorative materials with unique therapeutic and anti-cariogenic activity. However, concerns exist regarding the use of polyacrylic acid as a dentine conditioner as it may influence the bonding performance of RMGIC. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different protocols for cycling mechanical stress on the bond durability and interfacial ultramorphology of a modern RMGIC applied to dentine pre-treated with/without polyacrylic acid conditioner (PAA). Methods: The RMGIC was applied onto human dentine specimens prepared with silicon-carbide (SiC) abrasive paper with or without the use of a PAA conditioner. The specimens were immersed in deionised water for 24 h then divided in 3 groups. The first group was cut into matchsticks (crosssectional area of 0.9 mm2) and tested immediately for microtensile bond strength (MTBS). The second was first subjected to load cycling (250,000 cycles; 3 Hz; 70 N) and then cut into matchsticks and tested for MTBS. The third group was subjected to load cycling (250,000 cycles; 3 Hz; 70 N), cut into matchsticks, and then immersed for 8 months storage in artificial saliva (AS); these were finally tested for MTBS. The results were analysed statistically using two-way ANOVA and the Student- Newman-Keuls test (α = 0.05). Fractographic analysis was performed using FE-SEM, while further RMCGIC-bonded dentine specimens were aged as previously described and used for interfacial ultramorphology characterisation (dye nanoleakage) using confocal microscopy. Results: The RMGIC applied onto dentine that received no pre-treatment (10% PAA gel) showed no significant reduction in MTBS after load cycling followed by 8 months of storage in AS (p > 0.05). The RMGIC- dentine interface created in PAA-conditioned SiC-abraded dentine specimens showed no sign of degradation, but with porosities within the bonding interface both after load cycling and after 8 months of storage in AS. Conversely, the RMGIC-dentine interface of the specimens with no PAA pre-treatment showed no sign of porosity within the interface after any of the aging protocols, although some bonded-dentine interfaces presented cohesive cracks within the cement after prolonged AS storage. However, the specimens of this group showed no significant reduction in bond strength (p < 0.05) after 8 months of storage in AS or load cycling (p > 0.05). After prolonged AS storage, the bond strength value attained in RMGIC-dentine specimens created in PAA pretreated dentine were significantly higher than those observed in the specimens created with no PAA pre-treatment in dentine. Conclusions: PAA conditioning of dentine prior to application of RMGIC induces no substantial effect on the bond strength after short-term storage, but its use may increase the risk of collagen degradation at the bonding interface after prolonged aging. Modern RMGIC applied without PAA dentine pre-treatment may have greater therapeutic synergy with saliva during cycle occlusal load, thereby enhancing the remineralisation and protection of the bonding interface.

© 2018, Advanced Scientific Research. All rights reserved. The composition described in current article is based on derivatives of glucosamine and acrylate polymers and is intended for treatment of various infected wounds. A semi-transparent gel demonstrates complex therapeutic activity due to several active pharmaceutical ingredients (AFIs): chitosan, chymopsin, miramistin, and lidocaine hydrochloride. Mechanism of action of the developed drug is complex and includes several therapeutic effects: enzymatic biochemical wound debridement due to lysis of denaturated proteins (without healthy tissues damaging); indirect antimicrobial activity due to chymopsin that promotes lysis of microbial growth medium; direct antimicrobial effect is provided by miramistine; and the pain is reduced by lydocaine and intrinsic cooling effect of gel dosage form. Generalizing the literature data about the products used in the infected wounds treatment, the following AFIs were chosen for the development of the topical gel: complex of proteolytic agent chymopsin and chitosan, chitosan-miramistin complex, and lidocaine anesthetic. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, polyacrylamide, and glycerol were utilized as excipients. Proper development of vehicles for gels used in wound treatment can be justified by the necessity of soft action on the wound, required cooling effect, good release of AFIs from the matrix, and prevention of microbial growth.

© 2018, Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved. Disc herniation with radiculopathy is a common cause of severe back pain leading to significant disability and a decrease in patients’ quality of life. The authors report a case of 38-year-old female patient with radiculopathy of the first sacral root due to a large (11 mm) sequestered disc herniation between the fifth lumbar and the first sacral vertebrae. Conservative treatment with flu-oroscopically-guided epidural steroid injection provided a significant clinical improvement, the patient was able to return to normal daily and professional activity in a short time. MRI in 9 months showed the regression of disc herniation. Possible predictors and timing of disc herniation regression are discussed, as well as the proposed mechanisms, the main one of which is considered to be immune-mediated lysis.

© 2018, Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved. Despite decades of research, neurobiological studies of depression haven’t achieved significant results. Many experts propose that one of the main reasons for this failure is current diagnostic standards not considering the heterogeneity and polymorphism of depression. Research is unable to identify specific neurobiological changes due to formal diagnosis «major depressive disorder» and new diagnostic criteria are needed. RDoC (Research Domain Criteria) has intensified the confrontation between biological and clinical researchers and changes in approach to depressive psychopathology are discussed. A review presents the recent approaches used in studies of depressive disorders, the methodology they use, the scientific paradigms they rely on.

© 2018, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. Abstract: An approach for quick and efficient production of polyclonal antibodies to the target antigen, alpha-synuclein, has been proposed. Two methods have been employed to purify specific rabbit polyclonal antibodies against recombinant human alpha-synuclein, produced by subcutaneous immunization with complete Freund’s adjuvant. It was shown that purification on CNBr-activated Sepharose with immobilized alpha-synuclein resulted in antibody preparation with rabbit serum histidine-rich glycoprotein as a contaminant. Two-stage antibody purification procedure first on Sepharose with immobilized protein G, and then on alpha-synuclein immobilized column helps to avoid contamination and to obtain homogenous antibody preparation. Antibodies recognize different conformations of alpha-synuclein and can be used in a variety of immunochemical approaches, including immunocytochemistry.

© 2018, Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved. Essential arterial hypertension (AH) is one of the main risk factors for the development of cognitive impairment and dementia. Cognitive decline is an early sign of brain damage as a target organ of hypertension, it occurs even in patients with uncomplicated hypertension with minimal duration of disease. Cognitive impairment progresses with increasing age and hypertension duration, as well as in non-controlled AH. In patients with hypertension, the prevalence of emotional disorders — anxiety and depression is also high. In addition to antihypertensive therapy, hypertensive patients need correction of concomitant cognitive and emotional disorders. Rat-gopantenic acid simultaneously corrects both emotional and cognitive impairment, and has a good tolerability profile as well. An analysis of the evidence base of rac-gopantenic acid showed its high efficacy in the treatment of mental disorders and good tolerability along with a positive effect on somatic disorders and results of antihypertensive therapy. Taken together, they enhance adherence to treatment and, consequently, reduce the cardiovascular risk.

© 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. Objectives. To study the relationship between the immune system and depression, as well as its endophenotypes (neuroticism and trait anxiety), in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). Materials and methods. Studies were performed in a group of men with IHD and depression (78 patients) and without depression (91 patients), as well as in healthy male volunteers (127 subjects). Polymorphisms of the interleukin-4 (IL-4 –589C/T), interleukin-6 (IL-6 –174G/C), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α –308G/A), and C-reactive protein (CRP –717A/G) genes were studied. Results. An association between the IL-6 –174G/C polymorphism with depression comorbid with IHD was found (p = 0.01, OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.2–4.3), which was apparent as an increase in the frequency of the highly expressed G allele in the group of patients with depression. The IL-4 –589C/T polymorphism was associated with IHD: the frequency of the CC IL-4 –589C/T genotype was greater in this group of patients than in the control group regardless of the presence of depression (p = 0.007, OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.2–3.4). The TNF-α –308G/A and CRP –717A/G polymorphisms were not associated with depression in IHD. There were no signifi cant differences in the expression of neuroticism or trait anxiety in carriers of different genotypes at the IL-4 –589C/T, IL-6 –174G/C, TNF-α –308G/A, or CRP –717A/G loci. Conclusions. The association between the IL-6 –174G/C polymorphism with depression comorbid with IHD is consistent with published data on the role of IL-6 in the depression of depression in cardiology patients.

© 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. The physicochemical and technological properties of an interpolymer complex of polymethyacrylic acid and polyethylene glycol, known under its commercial name “Polymer Carrier Composition” (FGUP Science Research Institute of Polymers, Russia), were studied. This polymer is an excipient substance used in the technology of solid dosage forms as a matrix former and as a film-forming agent for making long-acting and slow-release formulations. With the aim of widening the potential uses of the polymer carrier composition, the solubility of the polymer in aqueous solutions and organic solvents was studied, along with the technological and surfactant properties of the polymer; the critical gel-forming concentration was also determined. Experimental samples of tablets and oral gels of model substances with similar physicochemical properties were prepared, based on different concentrations of the Polymer Carrier Composition, and the technological, rheological, and biopharmaceutical properties of these were studied. The potential for using the polymer in both hard and soft dosage forms to obtain prolonged-release medicinal formulations is demonstrated.

© 2018 EAACI and John Wiley and Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd. Chronic viral infections including those by hepatitis B (CHB) virus and hepatitis C (CHC) virus have been reported to be comorbidities of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). Here, we performed the first comprehensive review of the peer-reviewed literature (PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar) on the prevalence of CHB and CHC in patients with CSU and vice versa. The prevalence of CHB and CHC in CSU does not appear to be increased. Less than 5% and 2% of patients with CSU have markers of CHB and CHC, respectively, according to most of the 32 studies reviewed. Urticarial rash including CSU occurs in ≤3% of patients with CHC as reported by most of 20 studies analysed. Very few patients have been assessed for the effects of antiviral hepatitis treatment on their CSU, and two but not all reportedly showed improvement. Hepatitis B/C infections appear unlikely to be linked to CSU. We suggest that routine screening for these infections in patients with CSU is not relevant or cost-effective and should not be performed unless liver function tests are abnormal, risk factors or symptoms of viral hepatitis are present, or urticarial vasculitis is suspected.

© 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. We studied the expression of Hif-1α, Nf-κb, and Vegf genes in the liver and serum levels of HIF-1α, erythropoietin, VEGF, TGF-β, 8-isoprostane, and corticosterone in Wistar rats with different resistance to hypoxia in 5 and 90 min after acute exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. In 5 min after hypoxic exposure, Hif-1α expression in the liver and serum levels of erythropoietin, VEGF, and TGF-β in high-resistant rats were higher than in low-resistant animals. In highresistant rats, the increment in expression of Nf-κb gene responsible for the control over the inflammatory processes was more pronounced than in low-resistant animals. In 90 min after hypoxic exposure, the serum levels of HIF-1α, erythropoietin, VEGF, and TGF-β returned to normal in high-resistant rats, while in low-resistant animals, an increase in 8-isoprostane and TGF-β concentrations was observed. The rats with different resistance to hypoxia were characterized by different changes in biomolecular parameters determining predilection to inflammatory diseases.

© 2018, Innovare Academics Sciences Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved. Objective: The objective of the present study is to evaluate the electronic ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectra of herbal pharmaceutical substances (70% ethanol extracts) prepared from medicinal plant material of two snowdrop species – Galanthus woronowii Losinsk and Galanthus nivalis L. Methods: The groups of biologically active substances were investigated by UV-spectrophotometry including special sample preparation for flavonoids and alkaloids. Results: In the present study, data were obtained characterizing the composition of the main biologically active compounds of the genus Galanthus L., received its “spectrophotometric profiles.” On the basis of spectral characteristics of G. woronowii and G. nivalis flavonoids and alkaloids, we confirm feasibility for using galantamine, lycorine, quercetin, and its glycosides (hyperoside et al.) state standard samples in standardization analysis. Conclusion: It is shown that this method can be used to assess the quality of herbal pharmaceutical substances, serve to prove their identity in pharmacopoeial monograph.

© 2018, Innovare Academics Sciences Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved. Objective: Today drug produced from snowdrop species (Galanthus woronowii Losinsk. and Galanthus nivalis L.) used in Russian traditional medicine for nervous and cardiovascular systems disorders treatment.Pharmacognostic study of fresh snowdrop plants including macroscopic and microscopic (morpho-anatomical diagnostic features) evaluation for identification of herbal pharmaceutical substances (HPS). Methods: Macro-and micro-scopic evaluation was carried out according to general pharmacopeial monographs of State Pharmacopoeia of Russian Federation XIII ed., Photographs were obtained by the microscope “Altami 139T” (10× eyepiece and lenses: 4×, 10×, 40×, 100×) with a digital camera eyepiece UCMOS05100KPA; images were processed using Altami Studio program. Results: In a pharmacognostic study of G. nivalis and G. woronowii HPS linear dimensions were determined. Several microscopic diagnostics and anatomical signs of snowdrops were investigated: Adaxial and abaxial leaf epidermis; epidermis of corolla, peduncle; internal and external outer scale epidermis, internal and external storage scale epidermis, and sizes of cells and cellular inclusions (starch grains and calcium oxalate raphides). G. woronowii and G. nivalis HPS possess differences both in the micro and macro levels in the linear dimensions. In general, dimensions of G. nivalis organs are much smaller than G. woronowii ones, this aspect is also expressed in the cell structures linear dimensions. The complex of macro-and micro-diagnostic signs allows to identify the snowdrop species. Conclusion: The results of the investigation can be used in routine quality control and for inclusion of pharmacopeial monographs for snowdrop HPSs.

© 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. We propose a method for selection of new primers for identification of especially dangerous bacterium Acidovorax citrulli. A specific pair of new primers AC-1 F/R that can be used for detection and identification of A. citrulli was successfully tested. This opens up new possibilities for investigation of the role of this bacterium in the ecosystems.

Cerebral ischemia has previously been shown to cause a systemic decrease in levels of the reduced forms of low-molecular-weight aminothiols [cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), and glutathione (GSH)] in blood plasma. In this study, we examined the effect of beta-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) antagonists metoprolol (Met) and nebivolol (Neb) on the redox status of these aminothiols during acute cerebral ischemia in rats. We used a model of global cerebral ischemia (bilateral occlusion of common carotid arteries with hypotension lasting for 10 minutes). The antagonists were injected 1 hour before surgery. Total and reduced Cys, Hcy, and GSH levels were measured 40 minutes after the start of reperfusion. Neb (0.4 and 4 mg/kg) and Met (8 and 40 mg/kg) treatment increased the levels of reduced aminothiols and the global methylation index in the hippocampus. The treatments also prevented any decrease in reduced aminothiol levels in blood plasma during ischemia. Although both of these drugs eliminated delayed postischemic hypoperfusion, only Neb reduced neuronal damage in the hippocampus. The results indicate an essential role of β1-AR blockage in the maintenance of redox homeostasis of aminothiols in the plasma and brain during acute cerebral ischemia.

© 2018 The British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons The only cutting technique used for osteotomies in orthognathic surgery for many years has been a saw, but recently piezoelectric surgery has been introduced as a possible alternative. The aim of this study was to find out if piezoelectric surgery can be more comfortable for patients having orthognathic surgery. A total of 25 patients with dentofacial deformities (seven male and 18 female), were treated from January 2016 to September 2017. In 11 patients, osteotomies were made using a conventional saw, while in 14 a piezoelectric device was used. The variables assessed were: operating time, postoperative swelling, postoperative pain, and cutaneous sensitivity of the upper and lower lips. The duration of operation for the piezosurgery group was significantly longer than that for controls, but the patients had less swelling at all follow-up visits, and the difference was significant at the 30-day follow-up (p = 0.045). Those who had piezosurgery had significantly less pain at the three-day follow up (p = 0.035). There was a significant difference in cutaneous sensitivity only for the right side of the upper lip and only at the one-day follow-up. We conclude that piezoelectric surgery offers some advantages in lessening swelling and the perception of pain after orthognathic surgery, but further investigations are required.

© 2018 Elsevier B.V. Cardiolipin (CL) is a unique phospholipid localized almost exclusively within the mitochondrial membranes where it is synthesized. Newly synthesized CL undergoes acyl remodeling to produce CL species enriched with unsaturated acyl groups. Cld1 is the only identified CL-specific phospholipase in yeast and is required to initiate the CL remodeling pathway. In higher eukaryotes, peroxidation of CL, yielding CLOX, has been implicated in the cellular signaling events that initiate apoptosis. CLOX can undergo enzymatic hydrolysis, resulting in the release of lipid mediators with signaling properties. Our previous findings suggested that CLD1 expression is upregulated in response to oxidative stress, and that one of the physiological roles of CL remodeling is to remove peroxidized CL. To exploit the powerful yeast model to study functions of CLD1 in CL peroxidation, we expressed the H. brasiliensis Δ12-desaturase gene in yeast, which then synthesized poly unsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs) that are incorporated into CL species. Using LC-MS based redox phospholipidomics, we identified and quantified the molecular species of CL and other phospholipids in cld1Δ vs. WT cells. Loss of CLD1 led to a dramatic decrease in chronological lifespan, mitochondrial membrane potential, and respiratory capacity; it also resulted in increased levels of mono-hydroperoxy-CLs, particularly among the highly unsaturated CL species, including tetralinoleoyl-CL. In addition, purified Cld1 exhibited a higher affinity for CLOX, and treatment of cells with H2O2 increased CLD1 expression in the logarithmic growth phase. These data suggest that CLD1 expression is required to mitigate oxidative stress. The findings from this study contribute to our overall understanding of CL remodeling and its role in mitigating oxidative stress.

© 2018 Medknow Publications. All rights reserved. 2-Amino-4H-chromene derivatives possess anticancer property proved on different in vivo and in vitro models of malignancies such breast, nasopharyngeal, bladder, ovary carcinomas, astrocytoma, and osteosarcoma. We assumed it might be effective to apply one of the derivatives as promising approach to lung carcinoma treatment.To evaluate how novel 4-Aryl substituted 2-Amino-4H-chromene derivative AX-554 impacts tumor growth and progression, as well as possible mechanisms for anticancer effect development on in vivo patient-derived heterotopic xenograft model of lung carcinoma in mice. This was an experimental in vivo study. 40 nu/nu BALB/c female mice were randomly allocated into four equal groups: Intact, control, reference, and main group. Animals of three latter groups were ingrafted with human-derived lung adenocarcinoma. Antitumor and antimetastatic action of AX-554 novel aminochromone derivative as a substance were studied. Mice survival was registered. Kinase of anaplastic lymphoma (ALK), tubulin Beta-3 (TUBB3), and c-mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) concentrations in the prime tumor nodes homogenates were determined by quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Dannet's parametric criterion and the nonparametric exact Fisher test were used. The normality of the distribution was determined using ANOVA. The survival curve was analyzed using Gehan's criterion with the Yates's correction. Aminochromone derivative possesses an inhibitory effect on human lung adenocarcinoma transplanted into nu/nu BALB/c female mice, as well as significant antimetastatic activity. About 50 mg/kg/day AX-554 intragastric course increases animals' life expectancy of more than 3.3 times when compared with the control and induces remission in 60% of cases. The anticancer effect of the derivative is due to anti-ALK-mediated activation of tumor cells apoptosis and suppression TUBB3-dependent cell proliferation.

© 2018, Advanced Scientific Research. All rights reserved. An experimental study was performed on Wistar rats with the purpose of histological evaluation of the surgical wounds state and the processes of their healing using a conventional surgical scalpel and three radio wave devices with different operating frequencies (2.2 MHz, 2.64 MHz, 3.8 MHz). It has been established that in animals with wounds inflicted by the radio-wave at the highestworking frequency, there were statistically significant differences both in terms and in the mechanisms of wound healing. These benefits were in the absence of a blood clot in the wound after the incision, also in minimal necrosis of the operating wound and adjacent tissues, in the absence of leukocyte infiltration in the wound; early (from 3 days) reparation and epithelialization of tissues. These features contributed to a reduction in the timing of wound healing and the absence of scar formation.