Репозиторий Университета

© 2020, Ecozone, OAIMDD. All rights reserved. The article presents the historical stages of the formation and development of the ideas of Deontology and medical ethics and highlights the world community‟s interest in relevant problems of Bioethics. The principles of ethical-deontological relations are shown on the example of priest-doctors‟ difficult but at the same time vivid life path. The priests presented in the article are great personalities in world history.

© 2020, Ecozone, OAIMDD. All rights reserved. The article presents the historical stages of the formation and development of the ideas of Deontology and medical ethics and highlights the world community‟s interest in relevant problems of Bioethics. The principles of ethical-deontological relations are shown on the example of priest-doctors‟ difficult but at the same time vivid life path. The priests presented in the article are great personalities in world history.

© 2020 BMJ Publishing Group. All rights reserved. Introduction  Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is an autosomal dominant hereditary hamartomatous polyposis with predominant localization in the jejunum and ileum and high risk of bowel perforation after traditional polypectomy. The modern enteroscopy is the only possible technique for visualizing and performing intraluminal endoscopic microsurgical manipulations in the deep sections of the small intestine. The study aims to develop an optimal method for the diagnosis and treatment of polyps in children with PJS. Materials and Methods  During 2015 to 2018 we conducted 30 comprehensive examinations of children with PJS in The Department of Endoscopic Research of the National Medical Research Center for Children's Health. We performed esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy with removal of polyps more than 7 mm, then video capsule endoscopy and, guided by this, therapeutic single-balloon enteroscopy. Our technique for removal of polyps is general in all parts: (1) creating a resistant pillow; (2) electroexcision of polyp; (3) clipping the removal site. Results  Successfully performed electroexcision of polyps, which were located in the deep parts of the small intestine at a distance of 30 segments (one segment is 10 cm), reached a diameter of 2.5 cm, had a long pedicle. The postoperative period was uneventful. Conclusion  We have developed an optimal method of diagnostic and therapeutic measures, the observance of which allows us to avoid delayed perforations of the small intestine in the area of polypectomy in the postoperative period in children with PJS. Thanks to this technique, modern enteroscopy is becoming the only possible alternative to bowel resection in children with PJS.

© 2020, Ecozone, OAIMDD. All rights reserved. The article presents the historical stages of the formation and development of the ideas of Deontology and medical ethics and highlights the world community‟s interest in relevant problems of Bioethics. The principles of ethical-deontological relations are shown on the example of priest-doctors‟ difficult but at the same time vivid life path. The priests presented in the article are great personalities in world history.

© 2020, Ecozone, OAIMDD. All rights reserved. The article presents the historical stages of the formation and development of the ideas of Deontology and medical ethics and highlights the world community‟s interest in relevant problems of Bioethics. The principles of ethical-deontological relations are shown on the example of priest-doctors‟ difficult but at the same time vivid life path. The priests presented in the article are great personalities in world history.

© 2020, Ecozone, OAIMDD. All rights reserved. The article presents the historical stages of the formation and development of the ideas of Deontology and medical ethics and highlights the world community‟s interest in relevant problems of Bioethics. The principles of ethical-deontological relations are shown on the example of priest-doctors‟ difficult but at the same time vivid life path. The priests presented in the article are great personalities in world history.

© 2020, Ecozone, OAIMDD. All rights reserved. The article presents the historical stages of the formation and development of the ideas of Deontology and medical ethics and highlights the world community‟s interest in relevant problems of Bioethics. The principles of ethical-deontological relations are shown on the example of priest-doctors‟ difficult but at the same time vivid life path. The priests presented in the article are great personalities in world history.

© 2020 Elsevier B.V. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that leads to significant morbidity and decline in the quality of life. It develops due to loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, and among its pathogenic factors oxidative stress plays a critical role in disease progression. Pesticides are a broad class of chemicals widely used in agriculture and households for the protection of crops from insects and fungi. Several of them have been incriminated as risk factors for PD, but the underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that play an important role in regulating mRNA translation and protein synthesis. miRNA levels have been shown to be affected in several diseases as well. Since the studies on the association between pesticides and PD have yet to reach definitive conclusions, here we review recent evidence on deregulated microRNAs upon pesticide exposure, and attempt to find an overlap between miRNAs deregulated in PD and pesticides, as a missing link between the two, and enhance future research in this direction.

© 2020 Ozonation (OZ) is an important advanced oxidation process to purify water and wastewater. Because of the lower solubility and instability of ozone (O3), selective oxidation and dependence on pH value, the industrial applications of OZ have been hindered by the following disadvantages: incomplete removal of pollutants, lower mineralization efficiency and the formation of toxic by-products. Meanwhile, OZ seems to have higher processing costs than other technologies. To improve the treatment efficiency and O3 utilization, several combined processes, such as H2O2/O3, UV/O3, and Cavitation/O3, have been explored, while the combined method of ultrasonication (US) with OZ is a promising treatment technology with a complex physicochemical mechanism. In US alone, the sonolysis of water molecules can produce more powerful unselective oxidant hydroxyl radicals ([rad]OH), and directly cause the sonochemical pyrolysis of volatile pollutants. In US/OZ, US can promote the mass transfer of O3, and also drive the chemical conversion of O3 to enhance the formation of [rad]OH. Various layouts of US/OZ devices and the interactive effects of US/OZ (synergism or antagonism) on the degradation of various organics are illustrated in this review. The main factors, including US frequency, pH value, and radical scavengers, significantly affect the mass transfer and decomposition of O3, the formation of [rad]OH and H2O2, the degradation rates of organics and the removal efficiencies of COD and TOC (mineralization). As a result, US can significantly increase the yield of [rad]OH, thereby improving the degradation efficiency and mineralization of refractory organics. However, US also enhances the decomposition of ozone, thereby reducing the concentration of O3 in water and impairing the efficiency of selective oxidation with O3 molecules.

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd Background: Understanding the pattern of non-linguistic abilities in aphasia has been a controversial question. We hypothesized that only some aphasia patients, particularly patients with fluent forms of aphasia and global aphasia, would present deficits in non-linguistic abilities. Methods & procedures: We studied 200 vascular aphasia patients (119 men and 81 women; mean age = 57.37 years, SD = 15.56) at the Cognitive Communicative Speech Language Pathology Unit at the Clinical Hospital University of Chile (Santiago, Chile). The mean time post onset was 6.57 months (SD = 12.94). The Spanish versions of Western Aphasia Battery Revised (SWAB-R) and the Spanish version of the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (SBDAE) were administered. We used the SWAB-R Part 1 to determine the aphasia severity (Aphasia Quotient: AQ). SWAB-R Part 2 was used to study nonverbal abilities; a Non-Linguistic Quotient (NLQ) was calculated. The SBDAE was used in determining the type of aphasia. Outcomes & results: Deficits were particularly evident in Global, Mixed non-fluent, and Transcortical Motor aphasia, followed by Wernicke and Transcortical Sensory aphasia. Deficits were mildest in Amnesic, Conduction, and Broca aphasia. Correlation between linguistic and non-linguistic deficits were found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: Our results support previous studies: non-linguistic abilities can be affected in aphasia, but there is an important variability. Some aphasia patients can present non-linguistic deficits. Verbal and nonverbal deficits are significantly correlated, suggesting some communality in their brain organization.

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd Neutron diffraction and magnetization measurements of the Bi0.85Ca0.15Fe1-xMnxO3+δ (x = 0.4, 0.5) compounds have been performed at room and low temperatures to disclose the effect of the mixed-valence Mn substitution on the magnetic structure and properties of the Ca-doped bismuth ferrites near the polar/nonpolar phase boundary. It has been confirmed that the Mn substitution results in the filling of anion vacancies produced by the aliovalent replacement of Bi3+ by Ca2+. The Bi0.85Ca0.15Fe0.6Mn0.4O3+δ compound has the acentric structure specific to the pure BiFeO3 (space group R3c) and displays a G-type antiferromagnetic order at room temperature (m300K = 1.35(2) μB). The magnetic moments localized on the Fe/Mn ions are directed along the polar axis. The spin-reorientation transition from the c to a axis takes place with decreasing temperature. An increase in the Mn concentration gives rise to the polar → nonpolar (R3c → Pnma) structural phase transformation. The nonpolar (x = 0.5) compound has a G-type antiferromagnet structure (TN = 210 K) with spins aligned along the orthorhombic b axis. The low-temperature magnetic moments (m5K = 2.67(2) μB and m5K = 1.80(3) μB for the samples with x = 0.4 and x = 0.5, respectively) are considerably smaller than those predicted for complete spin ordering of the interacting ions of Fe3+, Mn3+ and Mn4+ (>4 μB). While the neutron diffraction measurements reveal no contribution associated with a long-range ferromagnetic order at T = 5 K, a significant increase in the magnetization of the samples, suggesting the formation of a glassy phase, is observed with decreasing temperature.

© 2020 Purpose: to study the effect of immunosupressive therapy (IST) in the virus-negative and virus-positive patients with immune-mediated myocarditis. Methods: in 60 patients (45 male, 46.7 ± 11.8 years, mean LV EDD, 6.7 ± 0.7 cm, EF 26.2 ± 9.1%) active/borderline myocarditis was verified by endomyocardial biopsy (n = 38), intraoperative biopsy (n = 10), examination of explanted heart (n = 3) and autopsy (n = 9). Indications for IST determined based on histological, immune activity. The follow-up was 19.0 [7.25; 40.25] months. Results: The viral genome in the myocardium was detected in 32 patients (V+ group), incl. parvovirus B19 in 23. The anti-heart antibody level was equally high in the V+ and V- patients. Antiviral therapy was administered in 24 patients. IST (in 22 V+ and 24 V- patients) include steroids (n = 40), hydroxychloroquine (n = 20), azathioprine (n = 21). The significant decrease of LV EDD (6.7 ± 0.7 to 6.4 ± 0.8), PAP (48.9 ± 15.5 to 39.4 ± 11.5 mm Hg, р<0,01), increase of EF (26.5 ± 0.9 to 36.0 ± 10.8), and lower lethality (23.9% and 64.3%; RR 0.37, 95% CI 0.19–0.71), p<0.01, were found only in IST group. Significant improvement due to IST were achieved not only in V-, but also in V+ patients. Conclusions: IST in patients with immune-mediated lymphocytic myocarditis is effective and is associated with lower lethality both in virus-negative and virus-positive patients.

© 2020 Elsevier B.V. This work proposes an original method for generating atomistic models of multi-branched and arbitrary-shaped seamless junctions of different nanostructures. Atomic frameworks of new hybrid systems with a wide variety of topological forms based on 1D and 2D structures can be obtained using this method. The topological diversity of generated hybrid systems is provided by the some features of the developed method. This method combines a triangulated nanomesh framework generation with a molecular dynamics (MD) method that allows us to generate dozens of topological configurations of the contact region of different objects. Energetically favorable junctions of carbon nanostructures, including Y- and X-shaped junctions of carbon nanotubes, a fullerene-nanotube junction, and a fullerene-graphene hybrid system are created using the developed original method.

© 2020 Elsevier B.V. Fe/Fe3O4 nanoparticles have been deposited on the surfaces of ultrathin CoFeB film and CoFeB/Ta/CoFeB hetero-structure to be detected due to the stray field generated by one particle or a cluster of particles. Exchange biased Fe/Fe3O4 core-shell nanoparticles have been used to stabilize the particles magnetization. Comparison between the Atomic Force and Magnetic Force Microscope images and subtraction of corresponding phase contrasts allows visualization of the film magnetization affected by the particles. Spectra of Ferromagnetic Resonance of the ultrathin films with deposited particles allow one to estimate particle/film dipolar interaction. The results will be useful for the development of lab-on-chip sensors of magnetically labeled cells. Estimation of particles number by magnetic response of the CoFeB heterostructure is demonstrated.

© 2020 Elsevier Inc. Peroxidase nanoenzymes exhibit a specific affinity toward substrates, thereby demonstrating application potential for realizing the colorimetric immunoassays of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which can be further used as a probe for imaging cancer cells. To enhance the intrinsic peroxidase activity of molybdenum sulfide (MoS2) nanomaterials, gold (Au) nanoparticles with an average diameter of approximately 2.1 nm were modified on a MoS2/carbon surface (denoted as MoS2/C-Au600) via ascorbic acid reduction. MoS2/C-Au600 can oxidize 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to generate a blue oxidation product in the presence of H2O2; this product exhibits peroxidase-like activities, superior to those of most existing MoS2-based nanoenzymes. Furthermore, MoS2/C-Au600 exhibits a high detection capability for H2O2 in the range of 1 × 10−5 to 2 × 10−4 mol/L (R2 = 0.99), and the lowest detection limit is 1.82 µmol/L in a sodium acetate and acetic acid buffer solution. Steady state kinetics studies indicate that the catalytic mechanism is consistent with the ping-pong mechanism. Given its strong absorption peak at 652 nm in the visible region, MoS2/C-Au600 can be used to image cancer cells due to the enhanced permeability and retention effect. Our findings demonstrate that the synergistic electronic coupling between multiple components can enhance the peroxidase activity, which can facilitate the development of an effective, facile, and reliable method to perform colorimetric immunoassays of H2O2 and cancer cells.

© 2020 Elsevier B.V. Affinity for G-quadruplex (G4) structures may be a common feature of transcription-facilitating histone chaperons (HCs). This assumption is based on previous unmatched studies of HCs FACT, nucleolin (NCL), BRD3, and ATRX. We verified this assumption and considered its implications for the therapeutic applications of synthetic (exogenous) G4s and the biological significance of genomic G4s. First, we questioned whether exogenous G4s that recognize cell-surface NCL and could trap other HCs in the nucleus are usable as anticancer agents. We performed in vitro binding assays and selected leading multi-targeted G4s. They exhibited minor effects on cell viability. The presumed NCL-regulated intracellular transport of G4s was inefficient or insufficient for tumor-specific G4 delivery. Next, to clarify whether G4s in the human genome could recruit HCs, we compared available HC ChIP-seq data with G4-seq/G4-ChIP-seq data. Several G4s, including the well-known c-Myc quadruplex structure, were found to be colocalized with HC occupancy sites in cancer cell lines. As evidenced by our molecular modeling data, c-Myc G4 might interfere with the HC function of BRD3 but is unlikely to prevent the BRD3-driven assembly of the chromatin remodeling complex. The c-Myc case illustrates the intricate role of genomic G4s in chromatin remodeling, nucleosome remodeling, and transcription.

© 2020 Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an essential molecular and cellular process that is part of normal embryogenesis and wound healing, and also has a ubiquitous role in various types of carcinoma and glioblastoma. EMT is activated and regulated by specific microenvironmental endogenous triggers and a complex network of signalling pathways. These mostly include epigenetic events that affect protein translation-controlling factors and proteases, altogether orchestrated by the switching on and off of oncogenes and tumour-suppressor genes in cancer cells. The hallmark of cancer-linked EMT is that the process is incomplete, as it is opposed by the reverse process of mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, which results in a hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype that shows notable cell plasticity. This is a characteristic of cancer stem cells (CSCs), and it is of the utmost importance in their niche microenvironment, where it governs CSC migratory and invasive properties, thereby creating metastatic CSCs. These cells have high resistance to therapeutic treatments, in particular in glioblastoma.

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd We suggest an idea of a new method for controlling the electrical conductivity of graphene-nanotube films using the physical effect that arises from the seamless contact of vertically oriented single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with graphene layers. When increasing the nanotube length by atomic layers in a graphene nanohole, the electrical conductivity of the graphene layer oscillates. This effect is based on the natural feature of armchair nanotubes, whose electronic properties and energy critically depend on the atomic framework length. The results of in silico studies show that the appearance of this effect leads to an increase in the electrical conductivity of graphene layers by 3–10 times. Besides, there is anisotropy: the electrical conductivity is 3–7 times greater in the armchair direction than in the zigzag direction. By adjusting the nanotube length, one can control the magnitude of the electrical conductivity and anisotropy. The amplitude of the oscillations is determined by the nanotube diameter, the symmetry of the transition zone of the seamless contact between graphene and nanotube, and the distance between nanotubes. To conduct in silico studies, an original approach is developed to identify energetically favorable SWCNT-graphene junctions during the formation of SWCNT of various diameters in a graphene nanohole.