Репозиторий Университета

© 2018 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved. The objective - of the present work was to develop the forensic medical criteria for the evaluation of the unfavourable outcomes of the roentgeno-endovascular operations (REVO) on the arteries of the lower extremities. The study included the analysis of the conclusions based on the results of the commission forensic medical examinations, attorney inquiry reports, query response, medical histories of the hospitalized patients who had undergone the roentgeno-endovascular operations on the arteries of the lower extremities. The criteria for the forensic medical evaluation of the unfavourable outcomes of the roentgeno-vascular operations on the arteries of the lower extremities have been proposed together with the indications for REVO, methods and tools for the performance of these surgical procedures. Particular attention was given to the identification of the signs and prognostics of the unfavourable outcomes of the roentgeno-endovascular operations (both intraoperatively and during the early postoperative period and the subsequent stay in the hospital) and to the risks of the development of the unfavourable outcomes of the surgical interventions following the technically adequate REVO. Special emphasis is placed on the cause-and-effect relationship between the actions or a failure to act on the part of an emergency physician and/or an attending surgeon/cardiovascular surgeon and the possibility of the unfavourable outcomes of the roentgeno-endovascular operations.

© 2018 Publishing House of the Union of Pediatricians. All rights reserved. The article presents modern ideas about the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The details of the management of patients with SLE during immunosuppressive and genetically engineered therapy is given. The article also reflects the aspects of rehabilitation, prevention of exacerbations, and follow-up care of children with SLE. The criteria for assessing the quality of medical care for children with SLE are presented. The detailed information on systemic lupus erythematosus for patients with SLE and their parents is outlined specifically.

© 2018, V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology. All rights reserved. Chronic wounds with impared wound healing that require prolong time for healing remain unsolved problem of modern medicine. Excessive oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic wounds caused by aging, diabetes and other pathologies. This review is aimed at the role of mitochondria in oxidative stress and to the future prospects for using the innovative mitochondria targeted antioxidants for treatment of impaired wounds. Recent studies in old mice and mice with type 2 diabetes showed that the mitochondrial antioxidant SkQ1 [10- (6'- plastoquinonyl) decyltriphenylphosphonium] stimulates healing of full-thickness dermal wounds. SkQ1 accelerates inflammatory stage of wound healing, maturation of granulation tissue, angiogenesis and epithelization of wounds. The anti-inflammatory effect of SkQ1 is possibly connected to decreased inflammatory activation of the vascular endothelium, which is typical for aging, diabetes and other pathologies. Local administration of SkQ1 also accelerates wound healing and provides strong anti-inflammatory effect in the model of acute aseptic inflammation. In addition, SkQ1 to stimulate apoptosis of neutrophils and suppresses their activation, as well as suppresses inflammatory activation of mast cells. In the wound model in vitro, SkQ1 accelerates movement of epithelial cells and fibroblasts into the «wound» and stimulates differentiation of human subcutaneous fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. Reviewed data suggest that SkQ1-based topical drugs have a great potential to treat wounds that exhibit impaired healing also in patients suffering from chronic critical illness.

© 2018, Slovenska Vzdelavacia Obstaravacia. All rights reserved. Inter-ethnic and inter-confessional peace is an essential factor for sustainable development, civil society, and preservation of statehood. The most significant challenges we face today, especially the last few years, are closely connected with an acute problem of avoiding ethnic and inter-confessional conflict risks, and erosion of national and civic identity as a result of globalization. Social philosophy approach to the understanding of national and civic identity is important because any identity is a social construct formed in social interaction, and the use of philosophical methods can provide the study involving all factors that influence this phenomenon: political, economic, social, psychological, and others. The purpose of this article is to study possible targets to prevent ethnic and confessional conflict risks and preserve the unique national and civic identity of each nation and each state. Methodological basis for the research comprises philosophical principles, including dialectic synthesis, the transformation of quantity into quality and vice versa, and dialectical contradictions; a philosophical principle of determinism; and a system activity approach. The leading theoretical method to study the problem is a content analysis of scientific papers relevant to the issue under consideration, and factors affecting and contributing to distortion of national and civic identities. The article discusses the definition of identity as the protean term self, self-identity of an individual, a particular group affiliation according to the person's nationality, religion, social status, profession, etc. The inadequate treatment and false interpretation of history, the absence of a national or patriotic idea that is able to unite the people, the insufficient role of the state, and enforcing unconventional views, norms and values have been considered as risks encouraging national and civic identity distortion. The risk of ethnic and religious conflicts occurs when there is a discrepancy between national and civic identities, or their distortion due to economic, political, social crises, or, as it sometimes happens, external influence.

© COPYRIGHT SPIE. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only. In this paper, we demonstrate instruments for laser radiation delivery based on sapphire capillary needles. Such sapphire irradiators (introducers) can be used for various medical applications, such as photodynamic therapy, laser hyperthermia, laser interstitial thermal therapy, and ablation of tumors of various organs. Unique properties of sapphire allow for effective redistribution of the heat, generated in biological tissues during their exposure to laser radiation. This leads to homogeneous distribution of the laser irradiation around the needle, and lower possibility of formation of the overheating focuses, as well as the following non-transparent thrombi.

© 2018 Frontiers in Bioscience. All Rights Reserved. We review the progression of aging as a sequential development of multiple syndromes analogous to other diseases. This generalized approach may allow practicing physicians to consider the signs of aging as manifestations of a poly-syndrome disease and facilitate prevention, diagnosis and treatment of common aging-related dysfunctions.

© 2018 Media Sfera. All rights reserved. Endocrine ophthalmopathy (EOP) is a severe chronic autoimmune disease associated with autoimmune thyroid pathology that leads to loss of sight, cosmetic defects and quality of life decrease. EOP is difficult to give prognosis for due to various factors affecting its course and outcome. Purpose - to develop a reliable and precise prognosis method for EOP activity and severity based on personalized combination of risk factors in specific patients by multidimensional linear regression modeling. Material and methods. A group of 139 patients (278 orbits) with newly diagnosed EOP associated with toxic diffuse goiter was observed during 1 year by an ophthalmologist and an endocrinologist; patient examination interval was 6 months. More than 250 indices were dynamically analyzed in the course of the study. Linear regression analysis was chosen as the research method; it allowed detection of linear dependencies between dependent and explanatory variables. Results. More than 600 various linear regression equations were derived that enabled prediction of EOP onset risk and development timeline, estimation of activity and/or severity of the disease, duration of active period in specific patients for the immediate and long-term outcome. From the derived models, the most reliable and safest for practical application were picked out. The present study introduces nine optimized models that can be used for patient follow-up since day one. Conclusion. The onset risk, progression and outcome of the disease can be determined by a combination of factors revealed in the study.

© 2018 Nutritec. All rights reserved. Research objective: studying of features of nutrition in elderly patients with removable stomatologic orthopedic constructions. 1388 patients aged from 60 up to 75 years which addressed in a city dental out-patient department were examined. Patients were divided into three groups: group 1 -The persons having only fixed stomatologic orthopedic constructions (n=419); group 2 -The persons having at least one partially removable stomatologic orthopedic construction and not havingfull-removable orthopedic constructions (n=512); group 3 -The persons having at least one full-removable stomatologic orthopedic construction (n=457). Patients were interviewed about nutrition features (frequency of consumption). Anthropometric researches were conducted. There were 2.2 and 1.3 fold more persons in group 3 with a concomitant increase in waist circumference and waist-hip ratio compared to groups 1 and 2 (p=0.0013). Persons from group 3 consumed meat significantly less often than patients in groups 1 and 2. A similar trend was observed for meat products, vegetables and fruits (p<0.05). Compared to patients in groups 1 and 2, patients from group 3 more often consumed cereals, potatoes, rice, pasta, as well as sauces, mayonnaises, margarines. AU examined elderly patients rarely consumed fish and seafood (76.0-89.9% persons consumed once a month and less often).

© 2018, Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved. Objective. A pharmacoeconomic analysis of direct costs on treatment with high dose intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) and plasmapheresis (PP) in children. Material and methods. Literature data on the pathogenesis of Guillain—Barre syndrome (GBS) were analyzed. The results of pharmacoeconomic analysis of direct costs on treatment of GBS using IVIG and PP are presented. Risks for complications during treatment with IVIG and PP are calculated. Results and conclusion. The pharmacoeconomic analysis demonstrates comparable costs of treatment with IVIG or PP in the Russian Federation. Nevertheless, a less number of complications, convenience in use and the good safety and tolerability profile make it more preferable to this group of patients. In a clinical case of a 7-year child described in the article, treatment with 10% IVIG — privigen in dose 2 g/kg during 5 days started in the 3rd week of disease showed a marked positive effect.

© 2018 Stavropol State Medical University. All rights reserved. To improve the diagnostics of erectile dysfunction (ED) 138 men with the trouble of erection quality have been examined using ultrasound dopplerography of the penis and phalloscintigraphy. In 7.8 % of cases no pathology was found. In 28.1 % of patients arterial ED has been identified by phalloscintigraphy, in 23.4 % - venoocclusive ED and in 40.6 % - disruption of the microcirculation within the corpora cavernosa of the penis. Phalloscintigraphy demonstrated high sensitivity (91 %) and specificity (94 %) in identification of various forms of vasculogenic ED.

© 2018 Morozov et al. Trans-acting small interfering RNAs (ta-siRNAs) are transcribed from protein noncoding genomic TAS loci and belong to a plant-specific class of endogenous small RNAs. These siRNAs have been found to regulate gene expression in most taxa including seed plants, gymnosperms, ferns and mosses. In this study, bioinformatic and experimental PCR-based approaches were used as tools to analyze TAS3 and TAS6 loci in transcriptomes and genomic DNAs from representatives of evolutionary distant non-vascular plant taxa such as Bryophyta, Marchantiophyta and Anthocerotophyta. We revealed previously undiscovered TAS3 loci in plant classes Sphagnopsida and Anthocerotopsida, as well as TAS6 loci in Bryophyta classes Tetraphidiopsida, Polytrichopsida, Andreaeopsida and Takakiopsida. These data further unveil the evolutionary pathway of the miR390-dependent TAS3 loci in land plants. We also identified charophyte alga sequences coding for SUPPRESSOR OF GENE SILENCING 3 (SGS3), which is required for generation of ta-siRNAs in plants, and hypothesized that the appearance of TAS3-related sequences could take place at a very early step in evolutionary transition from charophyte algae to an earliest common ancestor of land plants.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multifactorial disease, in which the interaction of the genetic component and environmental factors, determines not only the development of the disease, but also its pronounced clinical polymorphism. We assume that the high inflammatory activity of RA may be determined by the genes, the products of which trigger inflammatory processes. Objective: to investigate allele and genotype distribution of gene polymorphic variants in active anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (aCCP)-positive patients with RA from the REMARCA program versus a control group of healthy blood donors. Subjects and methods. A molecular genetic study enrolled 146 aCCP-positive patients from the REMARCA program and a control group of 314 healthy blood donors without autoimmune diseases and their presence in the history, who were matched with the study group for gender and sex. The polymorphic variants of the genes PTPN22 (+1858C>T, rs2476601), TNFAIP3 (rs6920220, rs10499194), CTLA4 (+49A>G, rs231775), TNF? (-308A>G, rs1800629), IL6 (-174G>C, rs1800795), IL6R (+358A>C, rs8192284), IL10 (-592A>C, rs1800872, -892 C>T, rs1800871, -1082 A>G, rs1800896), and MCP1/CCL2 (+2518A>G, rs1024611) were genotyped by a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. Results and discussion. The genotype and allele frequencies of polymorphic variants of the genes CTLA4 (+49A>G), IL-6R (+358A>C), and IL10 (- 592A>C) in the RA group significantly differed from those in the control group. When comparing with the control group, the minor alleles of the CTLA4 and IL10 genes were markers for the risk of aCCP-positive RA with a high inflammatory activity (OR=1.4 [1.1; 1.9], p=0.02 and OR=1.9 [1.4; 2.5]; p=0.0001, respectively). At the same time, the minor C allele of the IL6R gene served as a marker of protection (OR=0.7 [0.5; 0.9]; p=0.03). Logistic regression analysis revealed that there was a statistically significant correlation of the high inflammatory activity indices SDAI, CDAI, and DAS28 with the minor homozygous GG genotype of the CTLA4 gene (OR=2.5 [1.1; 6.0]; p=0.03, OR=2.6 [1.1–6.4], p=0.03 and OR=3.4 [1.3–8.8]; p=0.01, respectively). In addition, the inflammatory activity indices SDAI and CDAI rather than DAS28-ESR were associated with at least one minor A allele (the AA/AC genotypes) of the IL10 gene (OR=2.4 [1.2; 5.1], p=0.02 and OR=2.2 [1.1; 4.7]; p=0.03, respectively). The levels of ESR and CRP were not associated with the examined polymorphisms. Conclusion. The findings may suggest that there is a relationship of the polymorphisms of the genes CTLA4 (+49A>G, rs231775), IL6R (+358A>C, rs8192284), and IL10 (-592A>C, rs1800872) to high inflammatory activity in the group of aCCP-positive patients from the REMARCA study.

© 2018 Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved. Forensic medical expertise carried out with a view to reconstruction of an event is a time-consuming procedure because it requires collection of a large amounts of various materials for the institution of a criminal investigation including physical evidence, photoboards of the site of an occurrence, etc. A forensic medical expert may encounter difficulties when reconstructing and scrutinizing the scene of action at a single computer monitor in order to analyze the behaviour of each participant of the event. Of great help in such situations are modern software programs allowing to visualize the site of an occurrence with a maximum approximation to reality, simulate the actions of the victim(s) and alleged offender(s), perform a large number of other forensic studies. The present article provides the practical examples illustrating the possibilities of reconstruction of various events with the use of the three-dimensional modeling based on the MicroSmith Poser and Agisoft PhotoScan software packages for clarifying various circumstances, facts, and conditions of special interest for the preliminary investigation and inquiries.

© 2017 Elsevier B.V. gem-Difluorinated phosphonium salts, generated from aldehydes and difluorinated phosphobetaine reagent, were converted into corresponding silicon reagents. The reductive silylation of carbon-phosphorus bond is carried out using a combination of magnesium and chlorotrimethylsilane in dimethylformamide. For a model difluoroined phosphonium salt, X-ray structure and reduction potential are provided.

© 2018 Elsevier Inc. Objectives One of the most reliable methods for diagnosing bladder cancer is cystoscopy. Depending on the findings, this may be followed by a referral to a more experienced urologist or a biopsy and histological analysis of suspicious lesion. In this work, we explore whether computer-assisted triage of cystoscopy findings can identify low-risk lesions and reduce the number of referrals or biopsies, associated complications, and costs, although reducing subjectivity of the procedure and indicating when the risk of a lesion being malignant is minimal. Materials and methods Cystoscopy images taken during routine clinical patient evaluation and supported by biopsy were interpreted by an expert clinician. They were further subjected to an automated image analysis developed to best capture cancer characteristics. The images were transformed and divided into segments, using a specialised color segmentation system. After the selection of a set of highly informative features, the segments were separated into 4 classes: healthy, veins, inflammation, and cancerous. The images were then classified as healthy and diseased, using a linear discriminant, the naïve Bayes, and the quadratic linear classifiers. Performance of the classifiers was measured by using receiver operation characteristic curves. Results The classification system developed here, with the quadratic classifier, yielded 50% false-positive rate and zero false-negative rate, which means, that no malignant lesions would be missed by this classifier. Conclusions Based on criteria used for assessment of cystoscopy images by medical specialists and features that human visual system is less sensitive to, we developed a computer program that carries out automated analysis of cystoscopy images. Our program could be used as a triage to identify patients who do not require referral or further testing.

© 2017, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. Considering the well-known antioxidant properties of statins, it seems important to assess their impact on major markers of oxidative stress (superoxide anion radical, nitric oxide, and index of lipid peroxidation) to compare the antioxidative potentials of atorvastatin and simvastatin during the different degrees of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) in rats. This study was conducted on adult male Wistar albino rats (n = 90; 4 weeks old; 100 ± 15 g body mass) in which HHcy was achieved by dietary manipulation. For 4 weeks, the animals were fed with one of the following diets: standard rodent chow, diet enriched in methionine with no deficiency in B vitamins (folic acid, B6, and B12), or diet enriched in methionine and deficient in B vitamins (folic acid, B6, and B12). At the same time, animals were treated with atorvastatin at doses of 3 mg/kg/day i.p. or simvastatin at doses of 5 mg/kg/day i.p. Levels of superoxide anion radical and TBARS were significantly decreased by administration of simvastatin in normal and high-homocysteine (Hcy) groups (p < 0.05). At 4 weeks after feeding with purified diets, the concentrations of the GSH, CAT, and SOD antioxidants were significantly affected among all groups (p < 0.05). Our results indicated that statin therapy had variable effects on the redox status in hyperhomocysteinemic rats, and simvastatin demonstrated stronger antioxidant effects than did atorvastatin.

BACKGROUND: The high level of physical activity is known to contribute to the harmonious development of children and adolescents: moreover; it is a factor promoting prevention of hypodynamia. The low level of physical activity is a risk factor for the development of many non-communicable diseases. However, physical education is not considered by many students as an attractive subject. AIM: The objective of the present study was the enhancement of the motivational aspects of physical activity for the prevention of hypodynamia among students. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Physical education of the students was carried out with the use of the standard and modified methods. A total of 206 students (including 133 girls and 73 boys) at the mean age of 17.5±1.5 years were available for the examination. The study was conducted before the intervention (1st year) after the termination of the physical culture lessons envisaged by the academic curriculum (3rd year). The evaluation of the physical conditions and fitness of the students was conducted on the basis of the Russian Physical Culture and Sport Complex (GTO), bioimpedance analysis making use of the 'Medass' ABC-01 device; the functional reserves of the organism were assessed by means of hardware-software programs; the changes in food preferences were estimated on the basis of the FLLANK, questionnaire preliminarily adapted to the specific conditions of this country, and the characteristics of the metabolic processes were evaluated by laser correlation spectroscopy. RESULTS: Dynamics of the successful performance of the GTO normatives in the girls manifested itself in the in reduction of time they spent to run the 100 meter distance; the same was true for the boys who had to overcome the distance of 3000 meters. The students of both sexes became capable of increasing the number of repetitions of crunch and jumping rope exercises. The basal metabolism in the girls was increased within one year after the start of classes, and in the boys two years after the onset of the exercises; simultaneously, the positive changes in the metabolic profile were documented in the students of either sex. No adverse events related to the application of the modified training methods were recorded. CONCLUSION: An important aspect of the present study was the impact of new methods of teaching physical education on the composite body composition. The modified methods were found to shift dietary preferences and metabolic processes in the body of the students after the termination of the educational program.

Today, stroke is the third most common pathology after cardiovascular disease and cancer, as well as the leading cause of disability in the world. Although some progress has been made in the field of primary and secondary stroke prevention over the past few decades, a deeper knowledge of the pathophysiology of the disease is needed to significantly improve diagnosis and therapy. MicroRNA (miRNA) is an important, recently identified class of posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. MiRNA can be used as a tool for therapeutic interventions. This review considers a role of miRNAs in the regulation of experimental stroke and in the development of carotid artery stroke. A potential role of miRNAs as promising biomarkers of stroke is discussed.

© 2018 Stavropol State Medical University. All Rights Reserved. The review presents modern methods of therapeutic treatment of periodontal disease using a variety of drugs. The advantages and disadvantages of the use of drugs in various dosage forms and medical devices are presented. The actual direction in development of new means of hygiene and care of the oral cavity based on the use of natural mineral salts for non-drug therapy of periodontal diseases is revealed.

© 2018 Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute.All Rights Reserved. Enteroviruses are small RNA viruses, which are ubiquitous and commonly cause outbreaks with various clinical manifestations. In 2006, the Program on enterovirus surveillance was approved in the Russian Federation. Over the last years, molecular-biological and bioinformatics methods for enterovirus epidemiology studies have been developed both in Russia and worldwide. Currently, identification of enteroviruses is carried out by analyzing nucleotide sequence of the full-length VP1 genome region (ca. 900 nt). Routinely, it is sufficient to obtain a partial VP1 genome region sequence (ca. 300 bp) for enteroviruse verification in most cases; however, a more stringent type criterion of 80% sequence identity should be used compared to the 75% sequence identity cut-off for the complete VP1 genome region. Further sequence analysis may be performed by using Bayesian phylogenetic methods, which allow using molecular clock to trace outbreak emergence. Enteroviruses accumulate about 0.5–1% nucleotide substitutions per year. Therefore, a short genome fragment may be used to analyze virus phylodynamics at the level of international transfers and circulating virus variants. On a shorter timescale, a full-length VP1 genome region or a complete genome sequence are preferred for investigating molecular epidemiology, because a short sequence allows to reliably distinguish not more than 1–2 transmission events per year. Thus, determining enterovirus sequences for full-length VP1 genome region or full-genome sequence is preferred for examining viral outbreaks. It is increasingly apparent that analyzing available enterovirus nucleotide sequences reveals limitations related to uneven surveillance efficacy in various countries and short length of genome fragment measured in routine control. As a result, a proper global-scale analysis of enterovirus molecular epidemiology remains problematic. Over the last 20 years, the number of available enterovirus nucleotide sequences increased by hundred times, but understanding emergence of enterovirus infection outbreaks remains limited. Further development of enterovirus surveillance would require new methods for sewage monitoring, affordable high-throughput sequencing and harmonization of global surveillance systems.