Репозиторий Университета

© 2018 All-Russian Public Organization Antihypertensive League. All rights reserved. The review discusses the role of blood pressure variability as a novel risk factor and its prognostic value in hypertension associated with the coronary artery disease. We discuss the modern approaches to calculation of blood pressure variability, its classification. The choice of antihypertensive drugs based on the blood pressure variability is discussed considering hypertension associated with coronary artery disease. We pay special attention to angiotensin enzyme converting inhibitors and calcium channel blockers, as well as their combinations. We present the evidence of the effects of perindopril and amlodipine and their fixed combination on the blood pressure variability and the decrease in cardiovascular risk in hypertension associated with coronary artery disease.

Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. The antidepressant-like effect of fluoxetine (20 mg/kg i.p.) has been assessed using the forced swimming test (FST) in IRC (CD-1) mice exposed or not to a pretest session of different duration (5 or 20 min). The influence of the mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO) activity on the antidepressant-like effect of fluoxetine (20 mg/kg i.p.) in the FST was also studied. The antidepressant-like effect of fluoxetine was observed only in mice subjected to a 5-min pretest session 24 h before the FST. The TSPO antagonist PK11195 [1-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(1-methylpropyl)-3-isoquinolinecarboxamide; 1 or 3 mg/kg i.p.] inhibited the antidepressant activity of fluoxetine in the FST. In the present study, fluoxetine or PK11195 was administered for a short duration. We suppose that the functional activity of TSPO may depend on a pretest session and that using this procedure is necessary to detect antidepressant activity of fluoxetine-like drugs.

© 2018, SPb RAACI. The aim of the study was to determine efficiency of Glutoxim, aimed for correction of immune disorders. The drug was administered to the patients with chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI, Stage I and II) complicated by arterial hypertension. Increased contents of pro-And anti-inflammatory cytokines, IFNγ, IL- 2, G-CSF, and activation of the complement system have been revealed for these conditions, at both functional stages of the disease. The patients with stage II CCI showed elevated markers of oxygen-dependent activity in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (increased levels of spontaneous and stimulated nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction tests, phagocytic capacity and stimulation index of neutrophils). Stage I of chronic cerebral ischemia was characterized by normal values of NBT reduction tests and functional reserve of neutrophils, along with decreased stimulation index of neutrophils. Among 26 parameters of immune status, 73.1% and 80.8% of indices proved to be changed, respectively, in the patients with stage I and II CCI. 66.7% of immune indices appeared similar in magnitude and direction of changes, whereas the resting 33% are identical in orientation. Usage of Cereton and Actovegin in treatment of the stage I CCI caused normalization of 5.3% immune parameters, with partial normalization of 26.3% tests, and 68.4% of the indexes remaining unchanged or increased posttreatment. Inclusion of Glutoxim into the combined pharmacotherapy proved to be more effective since it totally normalized 52.6% of the indexes, along with partial normalization of 21.1%, while 26.3% of the indicators were not affected by the therapy. Administration of Cereton and Actovegin at the second stage of chronic brain ischemia was followed by partial normalization for 47,6% of the tests, while leaving unchanged or increased 52.4% of the indicators. Glutoxim Use fully normalize 19.0% and partially normalizes 57.1% of immune parameters.

© 2018, SPb RAACI. The aim of this work was to study features of gene expression TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 in the course of acute respiratory infection, depending on the time elapsing since the contamination, and dose of infection. The studies of in vivo models of acute respiratory infections caused by Gram-negative Klebsiella pneumoniae showed that, at infection dose of 104 CFU/ml, the TLR4 gene expression levels in epithelium of upper respiratory tract at 1, 3, 10 days were increased 30 times and more, complete elimination of the pathogen was observed at 3 days. At the dose of infection of 107 CFU/ml, persistence of the pathogen in upper respiratory tract was observed within a few days, accompanied by a significant increase in the level of TLR9 expression in epithelium of upper respiratory tract, and TLR4 levels in the lungs 1 day after infection, in parallel to elimination of the pathogen from the lower respiratory tract. Thus, the characteristic features of TLR4 and TLR9 gene expression in the upper respiratory tract may be considered a potential diagnostic and prognostic factors in evaluation of the course of acute respiratory infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae.

© 2018 Izdatel'stvo Meditsina. All rights reserved. Organic nitrates are widely used in clinical treatment of cardiovascular diseases, but the problem of developing tolerance during long-term therapy remains urgent. The analysis of published works shows that the nitrate tolerance development is caused by various mechanisms, including disturbances in neurohormonal regulation of vessel tonus and biochemical pathways of realization of the nitrate effect. This review summarizes the current notions of the mechanisms of nitrate tolerance development and vascular changes during nitrate drug application and analyzes potential efficiency of using coenzyme Q10 for preventing the development of nitrate tolerance and nitrate-induced endothelial dysfunction.

© 2018 Izdatel'stvo Meditsina. All rights reserved. There were studied the impact of selective antagonist of the mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO 18 kDa) PK11195 (N-butan-2-yl-l-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-methylisoquinoline-3-carboxamide; 1 or 3 mg/kg, i.p.) and 5α-reductase inhibitor finasteride (1.25; 2.5; 5 mg/kg, i.p.) on anticonvulsive effect of pyrazole[c]pyridine derivative GIZH-72 (4,6-dimethyl-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-l//-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-3-one chloralhydrate, 20 mg/kg, i.p.) in marble burying test in C57BL/6 mice. It is established that PK11195 (1 or 3 mg/kg, i.p.) had no effects on both compulsive behavior of mice and anticompulsive effect of GIZH-72 (20 mg/kg, i.p.). Finasteride (2.5 or 5.0 mg/kg) decreased of compulsive behavior in the dose-dependent manner in C57BL/6 mice. Pretreatment with finasteride (2.5 or 5.0 mg/kg, i.p.) led to completely reduction of anticompulsive effect of GIZH-72 (20 mg/kg, i.p.). Thus, anticompulsive effect of GIZH-72 may depend on activity of 5α-reductase, but not TSPO 18 kDa.

© Bukhtiyarov I.V., Yushkova O.I., Fesenko M.A., Merkulova A.G., 2018. The papers dwells on the results obtained during fatigue risk assessment as per subjective and objective parameters in civil aviation crew members. Our research goal was to assess fatigue and overfatigue risks as per subjective and objective cardiovascular system parameters and central nervous system parameters in workers with morning and evening biorhythms under neuro-emotional workloads and shift work performed by planes crew members, air traffic controllers, and operators. Our examined workers were mostly people aged 35-45 with working period equal to 5-15 years. Fatigue which occurred during flights was assessed subjectively by crew members questioning as per Epworth Sleep Scale, Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, and crew state control as per Samn-Perelli. Working efficiency was studied via PVT test (psychomotor vigilance test), sleep monitoring, and actigraphy. Circadian rhythms dynamics was examined as per changes in minimal body temperature which aircrew members had. We applied Ostberg's questionnaires to assess biorhythmologic activity type. Workers' functional reserves were assessed via stress testing. We calculated functional changes index to assess functional abilities of the circulatory system and adaptation state during a working shift in workers with various biorhythmologic types. The paper outlines the examination results for physiological reactions appearing in the cardiovascular system and central nervous system of workers with morning and evening biorhythms. We revealed that functional state peculiarities in operators when they performed their work tasks in a shift regime were closely connected with their biorhythmologic activity type. "Early risers" had more adverse physiological reactions during their work activities. We developed ways to lower risks related to fatigue and overfatigue caused by shift work. It was shown that regulatory mechanisms stress occurring in the circulatory system, lower labor motivation, and poorer health in people with the morning biorhythmologic type made it necessary to correct the body functional state during shift work, especially when labor was very intense.

© Russian Journal of Cardiology. Arterial hypertension (AH) remains one of the most prevalent cardiovascular disorder in the world, as one of the main risk factors of myocardial infarction and stroke development. Monotherapy of AH is effective in no more than one half of patients even with moderate increase of blood pressure. Combinational antihypertension treatment does influence pathogenetic mechanisms of AH being an optimal solution. It is worthful to apply a fixed combination of telmisartan and hydrochlorothiazide. Such combination provides additional antihypertensive effect with more significant decrease of blood pressure than for the components separately. Also it is protective for organs and tissues that makes it to prescribe such combination to a broad range of patients.

© The European Society of Cardiology 2017. Aims: To evaluate safety and efficacy of moderate intensity interval exercise training early after heart failure decompensation on exercise tolerance and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Methods and results: This is a prospective randomized controlled study. We screened 234 consecutive patients admitted with decompensated heart failure; 46 patients (42 men/4 women; 61±12 years of age) were randomized to a moderate intensity aerobic interval training (n = 24) or to a control group (n = 22). Patients underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing, echocardiography and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure questionnaire (MLHFQ) at baseline, after three weeks and after three months. After three weeks, peak-VO2 increased by 17% in the training group (p = 0.003) with further increase by 10% after three months (p < 0.001) but did not change significantly in controls. MLHFQ score improved after three weeks, with better results in the training group (from 64.6±15.6 to 30.8±12.9, p < 0.001). After three months, MLHFQ further improved in the exercise training group, but not in controls. Left ventricular ejection fraction was not significantly different between the two groups at baseline and after three months. No serious adverse events related to exercise testing or training wssere observed. Conclusions: Interval exercise training early after an episode of heart failure decompensation is safe and effective in improving exercise tolerance and health-related quality of life in selected patients after achievement of clinical stability. Positive effects remained sustained after three months. Further studies are needed to define role and indications for interval exercise training early after heart failure decompensation.

© 2018 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved. This article is published on the occasion of the 2nd All-Russian forensic medicine student Olympiad. The Olympiad has been held during three years in succession and attracts attention of the students from different Universities of the Russian Federation and the former Soviet republics. The Olympiad is considered to be a highly efficient form of the intellectual leisure activities of the students; moreover, it facilitates formation of motivation for the self-education and the acquisition of the professional skills and competences envisaged by the state standards for higher education that have not yet been incorporated into the program of modern medical education adopted in the Russian Federation.

© 2018, Media Sphera Publishing Group. All Rights Reserved. Authors present a case-report of a 36-year-old patient with pain syndrome in the face region (craniomandibular dysfunction with occlusive disorders) involving pericranial muscles and shoulder girdle muscles. Thioctic acid was prescribed as a basic therapy, and relaxation tire, mimic gymnastics, post-isometric relaxation, vitamin and mineral complex were additionally used. Thioctic acid was prescribed according to the following scheme: stage I — intravenous injections of thioctic acid (600 mg/daily, 5 procedures, every other day); stage II — oral administration of the drug in the dose of 600 mg/daily for 3 months. A significant reduction of pain syndrome and the palpable tension of muscles were noted; the symmetric even muscle tone was revealed. This case-report demonstrates the high efficacy of thioctic acid in treatment of patients with craniomandibular disorders using the 2-stage scheme. There was a significant improvement of quality of life of the patients due to the additional use of vitamin and mineral complex and medical tools (relaxation tire) for treatment at all stages of pain formation.

© 2018, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University. The interaction of laser radiation with aqueous dispersion of only bovine serum albumin (BSA) 25 wt. %, only bovine collagen (BC) 2 wt. %, and 25 wt. % BSA with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) 0.3 wt. % and 2 wt. % BC with 0.3 wt.% SWCNT was studied. The beam was absorbed mainly by nanotubes, that confirmed by the small value of the nonlinear absorption coefficients for aqueous dispersed media with BSA 6 cm GW-1, as well as dispersion with BK 4 cm GW-1 and the large values of coefficients for these media with addition of SWCNTs, respectively 350 cm GW-1 and 70 cm GW-1. Determination of nonlinear optical parameters was obtained by the method of fixed sample location. Knowledge of the values of these parameters allowed calculating theoretical curve of Z-scan with open aperture what made possible to compare with the experimental data.

© 2018, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University. Layers of different materials, including nanocomposites, containing carbon nanotubes, with the tensoresistive properties are discussed. The investigated layers are divided into two groups: without (group I) and with carbon nanotubes (group II). A group-I material that is the most suitable for fabrication of a tensoresistor is the elastomer with microchannel, filled with a conductive liquid. In group II, these are the (0.2-10)-μm-thick layers consisting of the carboxymethylcellulose matrix, filled with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (∼5 wt.%). The investigated layers can be used as alternative tensoresistors for medical applications.

Copyright © 2018 by the MediaSphere. MODY3 is one of the most common subtypes of MODY. Obesity in MODY3 patients modifies the disease course and complicates diagnostics at the clinical stage. A proband was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at the age of 12 years; metformin therapy was used. A family history of DM involves three generations: The mother, aunt, and maternal grandfather have suffered from insulin-dependent DM since the age of 23, 22, and 40 years, respectively. The patient was examined at the age of 14 years. Obesity was present (SDS BMI 2.3). The insulin and C-peptide levels were 4.4 μU/mL and 1.5 ng/mL, respectively. The HbA1c level was 7.3%. Under glucose load, glycemia reached diabetic values; hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance were not detected. Specific pancreatic antibodies were absent. Metformin was discontinued, and a sulfonylurea (SU) drug was prescribed, which had a positive effect. The heterozygous mutation p.P291fs was identified in the HNF1A gene. Therefore, MODY3 was verified. The presence of concomitant obesity in the patient significantly complicates the differential diagnosis, and only a careful comprehensive analysis of clinical and laboratory parameters and a family history makes it possible to suspect the diagnosis of MODY3 (requiring subsequent molecular genetic verification) and prescribe pathogenetic therapy.

© 2018 Dynasty Publishing House. All rights reserved. The objective: To optimize a tactics of examination and treatment of patients with a benign cervical pathology associated with papillomavirus infection (PVI) in female patients of reproductive age. Patients and methods: 124 patients aged 22 to 35 years underwent complex examination and treatment. Two groups were singled out: the first (main) group included 72 patients, who in the postoperative period received treatment with an antiviral immunostimulating drug isoprinosine, the second group comprised 52 patients, who did not receive the antiviral medication (control group). Inosine pranobex (isoprinosine) was administered 3 g/day (2 tablets 3 times daily) for 28 days. A carbon dioxide (CO2) laser and argon plasma were used to destroy the affected uterine cervical epithelium. Results: The Pap test found various pathological changes in 112 (90.3%) patients. ASCUS smear results had similar incidence rates in the groups 16 and 18% (p > 0.05). The incidence of LSIL in the groups was 31.9 and 32.6%, respectively (p > 0.05). In the basic group, 60 days afterwards complete elimination of virus was noted in 95.8% of cases; in the control group in 78.8%. The frequency of HPV infection recurrence among patients with complete virus elimination was 2.9% in the basic group, in the control group - 14.6%. Conclusion: The employment of the surgical stage permits to destroy pathological tissue, deactivate virus at the local level and prepare conditions for deactivation of virus in the body. Postoperative antiviral and immunostimulating therapy not only ensures practically complete elimination of virus but also reduces recurrences of PVI.

© 2018 Dynasty Publishing House. All rights reserved. A systematic review substantiates the significance of mutual influence and interaction between infection pathogens, humoral and cell-mediated innate immunity that condition triggering or termination of infectious process, its prodromal period, severity of clinical manifestations and outcomes of urogenital infections in pregnant women. The determining factor is the result of TLRs response to microbial patterns taking into account the preparedness and state of innate immune receptors. The latter might ensure a higher anti-infection resistance to the pathogen up to termination of disease, or to promote the development of infectious process with marked inflammatory reaction, or to make the infectious process chronic up to damaging the tissue cells of the macroorganism. The understanding of the mechanisms of natural anti-infectious resistance and enhanced sensitivity and susceptibility to infectious agents has been objectified. TLRs act as molecular genetic markers of anti-infection resistance of the body and its state of health.

© 2018, Slovenska Vzdelavacia Obstaravacia. All rights reserved. Translation-oriented reading makes it possible to identify the differences and similarities of the professional reading and ordinary reading in psychological and psycholinguistic terms. The translator should comprehend both the meaning of the source text and its linguistic form of representation in order to produce an adequate translation. The analysis of translation-oriented reading based on the cognitive approach suggests that the translator arrives at a concept representing the content and meaning to be retrieved from the text. The obtained results may be used for the future research connected with the professional translator’s training.

© COPYRIGHT SPIE. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only. Light field intensity distribution in three-dimensional polylactide scaffolds after irradiation with low-intensity light from one side of the samples has been determined in the visible and near-infrared regions of the spectrum. Two different types of scaffolds manufactured by the methods of supercritical fluid foaming and surface selective laser sintering have been investigated. The problem is solved by numerical calculation according to the Monte Carlo method involving experimentally obtained information about effective optical parameters of the scaffold material. Information about intensity distribution of the incident light in the matrix volume is needed to assess the radiation level for the scaffold cells after photobiostimulation. It has been shown that the formation of the light field in case of strongly scattering media, such as polylactide scaffolds, is determined by anisotropy g and the scattering coefficient μs.

© 2018 Media Sfera. All rights reserved. The article reviews development mechanisms of different refractive errors accompanied by marked defocus of light rays reaching the retina. Terminology used for such ametropias includes terms extreme, ultra-high and complicated. Justification of their usage for primary ametropias, whose symptom complex is based on changes in axial eye length, is an ongoing discussion. To comply with thesaurus definitions of «diagnosis» and «pathogenesis», to characterize refractive and anatomical-functional disorders in patients with primary ametropias it is proposed to use the terms «hyperaxial and hypoaxial syndromes» with elaboration of specific symptoms instead of such expressions as extreme (ultra-high) myopia and hypermetropia.

© 2018 Media Sfera. All rights reserved. Bioinorganic chemical composition of the lens of human and experimental animals (cows, dogs, rats, rabbits) have been analyzed in various studies. In most cases, the studies employed different methods to determine the gross (total) composition of chemical elements and their concentrations in the examined samples. Less frequently, they included an assessment of the distribution of chemical elements in the lens and correlation of their concentration with its morphological changes. Chemical elements from all groups (series) of the periodic classification system were discovered in the lens substance. Despite similar investigation methods, different authors obtained contradicting results on the chemical composition of the lens. This article presents data suggesting possible correlation between inorganic chemical elements in the lens substance with the development and formation of lenticular opacities. All currently employed methods are known to only analyze limited number of select chemical elements in the tissues and do not consider the whole range of elements that can be analyzed with existing technology; furthermore, the majority of studies are conducted on the animal model lens. Therefore, it is feasible to continue the development of the chemical microanalysis method by increasing the sensitivity of Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) with the purpose of assessing the gross chemical composition and distribution of the elements in the lens substance, as well as revealing possible correlation between element concentration and morphological changes in the lens.