Репозиторий Университета

In countries where headache services exist at all, their focus is usually on specialist (tertiary) care. This is clinically and economically inappropriate: most headache disorders can effectively and more efficiently (and at lower cost) be treated in educationally supported primary care. At the same time, compartmentalizing divisions between primary, secondary and tertiary care in many health-care systems create multiple inefficiencies, confronting patients attempting to navigate these levels (the “patient journey”) with perplexing obstacles. High demand for headache care, estimated here in a needs-assessment exercise, is the biggest of the challenges to reform. It is also the principal reason why reform is necessary. The structured headache services model presented here by experts from all world regions on behalf of the Global Campaign against Headache is the suggested health-care solution to headache. It develops and refines previous proposals, responding to the challenge of high demand by basing headache services in primary care, with two supporting arguments. First, only primary care can deliver headache services equitably to the large numbers of people needing it. Second, with educational supports, they can do so effectively to most of these people. The model calls for vertical integration between care levels (primary, secondary and tertiary), and protection of the more advanced levels for the minority of patients who need them. At the same time, it is amenable to horizontal integration with other care services. It is adaptable according to the broader national or regional health services in which headache services should be embedded. It is, according to evidence and argument presented, an efficient and cost-effective model, but these are claims to be tested in formal economic analyses.

A correlation between the crystal structure and magnetic properties of system (1-x)BiFeO3 – (x)BaTiO3 with compounds across the morphotropic phase boundary was studied using X-ray and neutron diffraction, magnetometry, and Mössbauer spectroscopy measurements. Increase in the dopants content leads to the structural transition from the rhombohedral phase to the cubic phase via a formation of the two-phase region (0.2 < x < 0.33), wherein the magnetic structure changes from the modulated G-type antiferromagnetic to the collinear antiferromagnetic via a stabilization of the non-collinear antiferromagnetic phase with non-zero remanent magnetization. The value of magnetic moment calculated per iron ion based on the Mössbauer and neutron diffraction data decreases from m ≈ 4.4 μB for the compound with x = 0.25 to m = 3.2 μB for the compound with x = 0.35 testifying a dominance of 3 + oxidation state of the iron ions. Increase in the amount of the cubic phase leads to a reduction in the remanent magnetization from 0.02 emu/g for the compounds with the dominant rhombohedral phase (x < 0.27) down to about 0.001 emu/g for the compounds with dominant cubic structure (x ≥ 0.27). Rapid decrease in the remanent magnetization observed in the compounds across the phase coexistence region points at no direct correlation between the type of structural distortion and non-zero remanent magnetization, while the oxygen octahedra tilting is the key factor determining the presence of non-zero remanent magnetization.

© 2021 Elsevier GmbH The expanding phylogenetic tree of trypanosomatid flagellates (Kinetoplastea: Trypanosomatidae) contains a long-known and phylogenetically well-supported species-rich lineage that was provisionally named as the ‘jaculum’ clade. Its members were found in representatives of several unrelated families of heteropteran bugs captured in South and Central America, Europe, Africa, and Asia. However, this group resisted introduction into the culture, a needed prerequisite for its proper characterization. Here we describe four new cultivable species, which parasitize various parts of their hosts’ intestine, including the thoracic and abdominal part of the midgut, hindgut, and Malpighian tubules. Morphologically, the cultured flagellates vary from relatively short stumpy promastigotes to long slender leptomonad cells. Some species form straphangers (cyst-like amastigotes) both in vivo and in vitro, initially attached to the basal part of the flagellum of the mother cell, from which they subsequently detach. To formally classify this enigmatic monophyletic cosmopolitan clade, we erected Obscuromonas gen. nov., including five species: O. modryi sp. nov. (isolated from the true bug host species Riptortus linearis captured in the Philippines), O. volfi sp. nov. (from Catorhintha selector, Curaçao), O. eliasi sp. nov. (from Graptostethus servus, Papua New Guinea), O. oborniki sp. nov. (from Aspilocoryphus unimaculatus, Madagascar), and O. jaculum comb. nov. (from Nepa cinerea, France). Obscuromonas along with the genus Blastocrithidia belongs to the newly established Blastocrithidiinae subfam. nov.

© 2020, Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. One dimensional (1D) nanostructures attract considerable attention, enabling a broad application owing to their unique properties. However, the precise mechanism of 1D morphology attainment remains a matter of debate. In this study, ultrafast picosecond (ps) laser-induced treatment on upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) is offered as a tool for 1D-nanostructures formation. Fragmentation, reshaping through recrystallization process and bioadaptation of initially hydrophobic (β-Na1.5Y1.5F6: Yb3+, Tm3+/β-Na1.5Y1.5F6) core/shell nanoparticles by means of one-step laser treatment in water are demonstrated. “True” 1D nanostructures through “Medusa”-like structures can be obtained, maintaining anti-Stokes luminescence functionalities. A matter of the one-dimensional UCNPs based on direction of energy migration processes is debated. The proposed laser treatment approach is suitable for fast UCNP surface modification and nano-to-nano transformation, that open unique opportunities to expand UCNP applications in industry and biomedicine. [Figure not available: see fulltext.].

© 2020 Elsevier Inc. In the present study, the novel shell nanostructures of Cu-MOF compound were synthesized for the first time by effective, fast and controllable method of ultrasonic assisted reverse micelle. The Fe3O4 nanoparticle was used as core for improving the physicochemical properties and also the stability of these compounds. The results showed that Fe3O4@Cu-MOF/core-shell nanostructures have significant thermal stability compared to pure Cu-MOF samples. In fact, the TEM study verified the development of core shell nanostructures. The EDS with mapping has been applied to be sure about the existence of related elements in the final Fe3O4@Cu-MOF/core-shell nanostructure. The design of the fractional test was used to change the antibacterial properties of these compounds. This method of optimization generates structures with a high surface area that affect the antibacterial properties of the materials. Systematic studies applied in this study, as well as optimization processes, can be developed as a new strategy for controlling the physicochemical properties of the products. Fe3O4@Cu-MOF/core-shell nanostructures have shown reasonably good antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

© 2020 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd Printed in the UK Graphene-based nano-porous materials (GNM) are potentially useful for all those applications needing a large specific surface area (SSA), typical of the bidimensional graphene, yet realized in the bulk dimensionality. Such applications include for instance gas storage and sorting, catalysis and electrochemical energy storage. While a reasonable control of the structure is achieved in micro-porous materials by using nano-micro particles as templates, the controlled production or even characterization of GNMs with porosity strictly at the nano-scale still raises issues. These are usually produced using dispersion of nano-flakes as precursors resulting in little control on the final structure, which in turn reflects in problems in the structural model building for computer simulations. In this work, we describe a strategy to build models for these materials with predetermined structural properties (SSA, density, porosity), which exploits molecular dynamics simulations, Monte Carlo methods and machine learning algorithms. Our strategy is inspired by the real synthesis process: starting from randomly distributed flakes, we include defects, perforation, structure deformation and edge saturation on the fly, and, after structural refinement, we obtain realistic models, with given structural features. We find relationships between the structural characteristics and size distributions of the starting flake suspension and the final structure, which can give indications for more efficient synthesis routes. We subsequently give a full characterization of the models versus H2 adsorption, from which we extract quantitative relationship between the structural parameters and the gravimetric density. Our results quantitatively clarify the role of surfaces and edges relative amount in determining the H2 adsorption, and suggest strategies to overcome the inherent physical limitations of these materials as adsorbers. We implemented the model building and analysis procedures in software tools, freely available upon request.

© 2020 Elsevier B.V. Magnetic anisotropy and interface exchange interaction were analyzed in α-Fe core microwire covered with PrDyCoFeB amorphous shell. The α-Fe/PrDyCoFeB core/shell microwires were grown by pendant drop melt extraction technique providing separation of the α-Fe and PrDyCoFeB phases during the ultrafast cooling. Low saturation field of the core ~100 Oe and high saturation field of amorphous shell ~10 kOe with zero coercivity were distinguished from angular dependences of the magnetic moment, recorded in low and high magnetic fields. Sharp decrease of the longitudinal magnetization, effective anisotropy field and magnetic susceptibility have been observed below the critical temperature, Tcrit = 240 K, in zero field. The Almeida-Thouless transition from ferrimagnetic state to Ising spin glass state has been revealed in PrDyCoFeB amorphous shell. Such spin reorientation transition is very attractive for magnetocaloric applications. We found exchange bias effect controlled by exchange coupling between ferromagnetic core and ferrimagnetic shell. The significance of the obtained data lies in possible applications of the core/shell microwires for tweezers with magnetic moment, stepwise changing in external field. Exchange bias in core-shell interface provides determined initial state of the microwire used as working media of field sensor. The sharp decrease of the magnetization associating with spin-reorientation transition looks very promising for magnetocaloric applications close to room temperature.

© 2020 Elsevier B.V. Magnetic anisotropy and interface exchange interaction were analyzed in α-Fe core microwire covered with PrDyCoFeB amorphous shell. The α-Fe/PrDyCoFeB core/shell microwires were grown by pendant drop melt extraction technique providing separation of the α-Fe and PrDyCoFeB phases during the ultrafast cooling. Low saturation field of the core ~100 Oe and high saturation field of amorphous shell ~10 kOe with zero coercivity were distinguished from angular dependences of the magnetic moment, recorded in low and high magnetic fields. Sharp decrease of the longitudinal magnetization, effective anisotropy field and magnetic susceptibility have been observed below the critical temperature, Tcrit = 240 K, in zero field. The Almeida-Thouless transition from ferrimagnetic state to Ising spin glass state has been revealed in PrDyCoFeB amorphous shell. Such spin reorientation transition is very attractive for magnetocaloric applications. We found exchange bias effect controlled by exchange coupling between ferromagnetic core and ferrimagnetic shell. The significance of the obtained data lies in possible applications of the core/shell microwires for tweezers with magnetic moment, stepwise changing in external field. Exchange bias in core-shell interface provides determined initial state of the microwire used as working media of field sensor. The sharp decrease of the magnetization associating with spin-reorientation transition looks very promising for magnetocaloric applications close to room temperature.

© 2020 Synthesis of high energy density and long durability electrode materials are huge urgency for futuristic hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs). In the present work, self-assembled three-dimensional (3D)-mesoporous regimented pristine and neodymium (Nd) doped α-Mn2O3 microspheres (MSs) are prepared by simple hydrothermal method. Due to uniform morphology, presence of oxygen vacancies, mesoporous robust structure, and optimum doping (Nd5%-doped Mn2O3 3D-MSs) offers a high specific capacitance of 862.14 F g−1 (431.07 C g−1) at 0.5 A g−1 with superior cycling retention of 97.30% after 2000 cycles. Additionally, a pouch-type HSC device is fabricated using Nd5%-Mn2O3 3D-MSs as a battery-type positive electrode and activated carbon (AC) as a capacitive-type negative electrode. The fabricated device delivers a maximum energy density of 32.26 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 800 W kg−1 with superior cyclic retention and exhibit a little loss of 4.56% after 10,000 cycles. This superior performance is due to robust microstructures that can alleviate swelling and shrinking of active material at cycling test. Two pouch-type HSCs are connected in series to power light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for real-time applicability. Overall, this study demonstrates that rational doping, porous architecture, oxygen vacancies, and robust micro-nano structure greatly assist to achieve high energy density as well as long life HSCs devices.

© 2020 Elsevier B.V. This work proposes an original method for generating atomistic models of multi-branched and arbitrary-shaped seamless junctions of different nanostructures. Atomic frameworks of new hybrid systems with a wide variety of topological forms based on 1D and 2D structures can be obtained using this method. The topological diversity of generated hybrid systems is provided by the some features of the developed method. This method combines a triangulated nanomesh framework generation with a molecular dynamics (MD) method that allows us to generate dozens of topological configurations of the contact region of different objects. Energetically favorable junctions of carbon nanostructures, including Y- and X-shaped junctions of carbon nanotubes, a fullerene-nanotube junction, and a fullerene-graphene hybrid system are created using the developed original method.

© 2020 Elsevier B.V. Fe/Fe3O4 nanoparticles have been deposited on the surfaces of ultrathin CoFeB film and CoFeB/Ta/CoFeB hetero-structure to be detected due to the stray field generated by one particle or a cluster of particles. Exchange biased Fe/Fe3O4 core-shell nanoparticles have been used to stabilize the particles magnetization. Comparison between the Atomic Force and Magnetic Force Microscope images and subtraction of corresponding phase contrasts allows visualization of the film magnetization affected by the particles. Spectra of Ferromagnetic Resonance of the ultrathin films with deposited particles allow one to estimate particle/film dipolar interaction. The results will be useful for the development of lab-on-chip sensors of magnetically labeled cells. Estimation of particles number by magnetic response of the CoFeB heterostructure is demonstrated.

© 2020 Elsevier B.V. New class of microwires based on rare-earth PrDyFeCoB alloy is developed. Chemical technique of the microwire tip designing is proposed. The α-Fe core microwire covered with amorphous shell provides stepwise switching between four magnetic states in external homogeneous magnetic field. Focusing of the stray field in the microwire tip was visualized. Bias field ~20 Oe, high saturation magnetization and attraction force up to 2000 pN, large field gradient and techniques of chemical sharpening provide novelty and significance of the obtained results.

© 2020 Elsevier B.V. Photosensitive polymeric three-dimensional microstructured film (PTMF) is a new type of patterned polymeric films functionalized with an array of sealed hollow 3D containers. The microstructured system with enclosed chemicals provides a tool for the even distribution of biologically active substances on a given surface that can be deposited on medical implants or used as a cells substrate. In this work, we proposed a way for photothermally activating and releasing encapsulated substances at picogram amounts from the PTMF surface in different environments using laser radiation delivered with a multimode optical fiber. The photosensitive PTMFs were prepared by the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly from alternatively charged polyelectrolytes followed by covering with a layer of hydrophobic polylactic acid (PLA) and a layer of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Moreover, the typical photothermal cargo release amounts were determined on the surface of the PTMF for a range of laser powers delivered to films placed in the air, deionized (DI) water, and 1% agarose gel. The agarose gel was used as a soft tissue model for developing a technique for the laser activation of PTMFs deep in tissues using optical waveguides. The number of PTMF chambers activated by a near-infrared (NIR) laser beam was evaluated as the function of optical parameters.

© 2020 Elsevier B.V. Photosensitive polymeric three-dimensional microstructured film (PTMF) is a new type of patterned polymeric films functionalized with an array of sealed hollow 3D containers. The microstructured system with enclosed chemicals provides a tool for the even distribution of biologically active substances on a given surface that can be deposited on medical implants or used as a cells substrate. In this work, we proposed a way for photothermally activating and releasing encapsulated substances at picogram amounts from the PTMF surface in different environments using laser radiation delivered with a multimode optical fiber. The photosensitive PTMFs were prepared by the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly from alternatively charged polyelectrolytes followed by covering with a layer of hydrophobic polylactic acid (PLA) and a layer of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Moreover, the typical photothermal cargo release amounts were determined on the surface of the PTMF for a range of laser powers delivered to films placed in the air, deionized (DI) water, and 1% agarose gel. The agarose gel was used as a soft tissue model for developing a technique for the laser activation of PTMFs deep in tissues using optical waveguides. The number of PTMF chambers activated by a near-infrared (NIR) laser beam was evaluated as the function of optical parameters.

© 2020 Elsevier B.V. Photosensitive polymeric three-dimensional microstructured film (PTMF) is a new type of patterned polymeric films functionalized with an array of sealed hollow 3D containers. The microstructured system with enclosed chemicals provides a tool for the even distribution of biologically active substances on a given surface that can be deposited on medical implants or used as a cells substrate. In this work, we proposed a way for photothermally activating and releasing encapsulated substances at picogram amounts from the PTMF surface in different environments using laser radiation delivered with a multimode optical fiber. The photosensitive PTMFs were prepared by the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly from alternatively charged polyelectrolytes followed by covering with a layer of hydrophobic polylactic acid (PLA) and a layer of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Moreover, the typical photothermal cargo release amounts were determined on the surface of the PTMF for a range of laser powers delivered to films placed in the air, deionized (DI) water, and 1% agarose gel. The agarose gel was used as a soft tissue model for developing a technique for the laser activation of PTMFs deep in tissues using optical waveguides. The number of PTMF chambers activated by a near-infrared (NIR) laser beam was evaluated as the function of optical parameters.

© 2020 Elsevier B.V. The room- and low-temperature neutron diffraction measurements of the Bi0.9Ca0.1Fe0.6Mn0.4O3+δ compound have been carried out to disclose the influence of Mn substitution on the multiferroic properties of the low-doped Bi1−xCaxFeO3−x/2 perovskites combining ferroelectric and weak ferromagnetic behavior. It has been proven that the material under study retains a polar R3c structure specific to the parent Bi0.9Ca0.1FeO2.95. The Mn doping results in the elimination of oxygen vacancies giving rise to the increase in spontaneous electric polarization. The chemical modification stabilizes the collinear antiferromagnetic structure at room temperature. The reorientation of the antiferromagnetic vector from the c to a axis takes place with decreasing temperature. Reflecting the competitive character of the superexchange interactions between Fe3+, Mn3+ and Mn4+, the coexistence of ferromagnetic glassy and antiferromagnetic long-range-ordered phases is observed at low temperatures.

© 2019 Elsevier B.V. The α-Fe core/PrDy-FeCo-B(48 at.%)α-Fe(52 at.%) shell and GdPrDy(FeCo)B microwires were grown by pendant drop melt (PDM) extraction technique. Single core–shell microwires of ~80–100 μm diameter and 2–20 mm length manifest rectangular hysteresis loops corresponding to ~100 Oe switching magnetic fields. Bistability of the microwires relates to single domain state of the α-Fe inner core revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Rare-earth amorphous PrDy-FeCo-B shell of the microwire scanned by magnetic force microscope (MFM) possesses magnetization reversal nuclei corresponding to the α-Fe inclusions. Interwire magnetic dipole interaction and scattering of microwire size change shape of the magnetic hysteresis loop and increase coercive field up to 983 Oe, in chaotic ensembles of the core–shell microwires. The GdPrDy(FeCo)B microwires of the same sizes with no Fe core possess “butterfly” type of the hysteresis loop of high coercivity ~20 kOe.

© 2018 The Authors Radionuclide-based imaging of molecular therapeutic targets might facilitate stratifying patients for specific biotherapeutics. New type of imaging probes, based on designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins), have demonstrated excellent contrast of imaging of human epidermal growth factor type 2 (HER2) expression in preclinical models. We hypothesized that labeling approaches, which result in lipophilic radiometabolites (non-residualizing labels), would provide the best imaging contrast for DARPins that internalize slowly after binding to cancer cells. The hypothesis was tested using DARPin Ec1 that binds to epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM). EpCAM is a promising therapeutic target. Ec1 was labeled with 125I using two methods to obtain the non-residualizing labels, while residualizing labels were obtained by labeling it with 99mTc. All labeled Ec1 variants preserved target specificity and picomolar binding affinity to EpCAM-expressing pancreatic adenocarcinoma BxPC-3 cells. In murine models, all the variants provided similar tumor uptake. However, 125I-PIB-H6-Ec1 had noticeably lower retention in normal tissues, which provided appreciably higher tumor-to-organ ratios. Furthermore, 125I-PIB-H6-Ec1 demonstrated the highest imaging contrast in preclinical models than any other EpCAM-imaging agent tested so far. In conclusion, DARPin Ec1 in combination with a non-residualizing label is a promising probe for imaging EpCAM expression a few hours after injection.

© 2018 The Authors Radionuclide-based imaging of molecular therapeutic targets might facilitate stratifying patients for specific biotherapeutics. New type of imaging probes, based on designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins), have demonstrated excellent contrast of imaging of human epidermal growth factor type 2 (HER2) expression in preclinical models. We hypothesized that labeling approaches, which result in lipophilic radiometabolites (non-residualizing labels), would provide the best imaging contrast for DARPins that internalize slowly after binding to cancer cells. The hypothesis was tested using DARPin Ec1 that binds to epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM). EpCAM is a promising therapeutic target. Ec1 was labeled with 125I using two methods to obtain the non-residualizing labels, while residualizing labels were obtained by labeling it with 99mTc. All labeled Ec1 variants preserved target specificity and picomolar binding affinity to EpCAM-expressing pancreatic adenocarcinoma BxPC-3 cells. In murine models, all the variants provided similar tumor uptake. However, 125I-PIB-H6-Ec1 had noticeably lower retention in normal tissues, which provided appreciably higher tumor-to-organ ratios. Furthermore, 125I-PIB-H6-Ec1 demonstrated the highest imaging contrast in preclinical models than any other EpCAM-imaging agent tested so far. In conclusion, DARPin Ec1 in combination with a non-residualizing label is a promising probe for imaging EpCAM expression a few hours after injection.

© 2018 The Authors Radionuclide-based imaging of molecular therapeutic targets might facilitate stratifying patients for specific biotherapeutics. New type of imaging probes, based on designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins), have demonstrated excellent contrast of imaging of human epidermal growth factor type 2 (HER2) expression in preclinical models. We hypothesized that labeling approaches, which result in lipophilic radiometabolites (non-residualizing labels), would provide the best imaging contrast for DARPins that internalize slowly after binding to cancer cells. The hypothesis was tested using DARPin Ec1 that binds to epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM). EpCAM is a promising therapeutic target. Ec1 was labeled with 125I using two methods to obtain the non-residualizing labels, while residualizing labels were obtained by labeling it with 99mTc. All labeled Ec1 variants preserved target specificity and picomolar binding affinity to EpCAM-expressing pancreatic adenocarcinoma BxPC-3 cells. In murine models, all the variants provided similar tumor uptake. However, 125I-PIB-H6-Ec1 had noticeably lower retention in normal tissues, which provided appreciably higher tumor-to-organ ratios. Furthermore, 125I-PIB-H6-Ec1 demonstrated the highest imaging contrast in preclinical models than any other EpCAM-imaging agent tested so far. In conclusion, DARPin Ec1 in combination with a non-residualizing label is a promising probe for imaging EpCAM expression a few hours after injection.