Репозиторий Университета

© 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH  &  Co. KGaA, Weinheim Nature has long inspired scientists and engineers. As one ubiquitous example of this, nature has provided all with several clever methods to absorb, repel, and/or allow both sunlight and water to pass through surfaces. Moth's eyes (highly antireflective) and lotus leaves (highly hydrophobic and self-cleaning) represent durable natural surfaces which exhibit nearly ideal physical and optical properties. Man-made transparent surfaces must also be able to cope with water and dust while reaching the maximum possible light transmission for solar collectors, displays, and other optical devices. To explore the link between these – particularly for transparent surfaces – this review puts the physics, progress, and limitations of synthetic materials in context with natural materials. This perspective reveals that there is still much more to learn (and implement) if it is hoped to match the multifunctionality and resilience of natural materials.

© 2018, © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor  &  Francis Group. Paip2 (Poly(A)-binding protein–interacting protein 2) is a conserved metazoan-specific protein that has been implicated in regulating the translation and stability of mRNAs. However, we have found that Paip2 is not restricted to the cytoplasm but is also found in the nucleus in Drosophila embryos, salivary glands, testes, and tissue culture cells. Nuclear Paip2 is associated with chromatin, and in chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments it maps to the promoter regions of active genes. However, this chromatin association is indirect, as it is RNA-dependent. Thus, Paip2 is one more item in the growing list of translation factors that are recruited to mRNAs co-transcriptionally.

© The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology. Potato is the most economically important non-cereal food crop. Tuber formation in potato is regulated by phytohormones, cytokinins (CKs) in particular. The present work studied CK signal perception in potato. The sequenced potato genome of doubled monoploid Phureja was used for bioinformatic analysis and as a tool for identification of putative CK receptors from autotetraploid potato cv. Désirée. All basic elements of multistep phosphorelay required for CK signal transduction were identified in the Phureja genome, including three genes orthologous to three CK receptor genes (AHK 2-4) of Arabidopsis. As distinct from Phureja, autotetraploid potato contains at least two allelic isoforms of each receptor type. Putative receptor genes from Désirée plants were cloned, sequenced and expressed, and the main characteristics of encoded proteins were determined, in particular their consensus motifs, modelled structure, ligand-binding properties, and ability to transmit CK signals. In all studied aspects the predicted sensor histidine kinases met the requirements for genuine CK receptors. Expression of potato CK receptors was found to be organ-specific and sensitive to growth conditions, particularly to sucrose content. Our results provide a solid basis for further in-depth study of CK signaling system and biotechnological improvement of potato.

© 2018 IOP Publishing Ltd. Maintaining the epithelial status of cells in vitro and fabrication of a multilayered epithelial lining is one of the key problems in the therapy using cell technologies. When cultured in a monolayer, epithelial cells change their phenotype from epithelial to epithelial-mesenchymal or mesenchymal that makes it difficult to obtain a sufficient number of cells in a 2D culture and to use them in tissue engineering. Here, using buccal epithelial cells from the oral mucosa, we developed a novel approach to recover and maintain the stable cell phenotype and form a multilayered epithelial lining in vitro via the 2D/3D cell self-assembling. Transitioning the cells from the monolayer to non-adhesive 3D culture conditions led to formation of self-assembling spheroids, with restoration of their epithelial characteristics after epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In 7 days, the cells within spheroids restored the apical-basal polarity, and the formation of both tight (ZO1) and adherent (E-cadherin) intercellular junctions was shown. Thus, culturing buccal epithelial cells in a 3D system allowed us to recover and durably maintain the morphological and functional characteristics of epithelial cells. The multilayered epithelial lining formation was achieved after placing spheroids for 7 days onto a hybrid matrix, which consisted of collagen layers and reinforcing poly (lactide-co-glycolide) fibers and was proven promising for replacement of the urothelium. Thus, we offer an effective technique of forming multilayered epithelial linings on carrier-matrices using cell spheroids that was not previously described elsewhere and can find a wide range of applications in tissue engineering, replacement surgery, and regenerative medicine.

© 2018 Chernokhaeva, Rogova, Kozlovskaya, Romanova, Osolodkin, Vorovitch and Karganova. Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), caused by the TBE virus (TBEV), is a serious public health threat in northern Eurasia. Three subtypes of TBEV are distinguished. Inactivated vaccines are available for TBE prophylaxis, and their efficacy to prevent the disease has been demonstrated by years of implication. Nevertheless, rare TBE cases among the vaccinated have been registered. The present study aimed to evaluate the protective efficacy of 4 TBEV vaccines against naturally circulating TBEV variants. For the first time, the protection was evaluated against an extended number of phylogenetically distinct TBEV strains isolated in different years in different territories. The protective effect did not strongly depend on the infectious dose of the challenge virus or the scheme of vaccination. All vaccines induced neutralizing antibodies in protective titers against the TBEV strains used, although the vaccines varied in the spectra of induced antibodies and protective efficacy. The protective efficacy of the vaccines depended on the individual properties of the vaccine strain and the challenge virus, rather than on the subtypes. The neutralization efficiency appeared to be dependent not only on the presence of antibodies to particular epitopes and the amino acid composition of the virion surface but also on the intrinsic properties of the challenge virus E protein structure.

© 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. A new approach to making a photopolymeric composition was first elaborated in this work based on the use of poly-N,N′-(m-phenylene)isophtalamide as the heterochain polymer matrix together with 4,4′-diphenyl oxide diacrylamide as the crosslinking agent. Reproducible three-dimensional (3D) objects have been formed using a laser stereolithograph completed with a laser with wavelength of 405 nm. According to the thermogravimetric analysis, the thermal stability of the formed objects could be changed through a control from 260 to 405 °C. Moreover, it was proven that the tensile strength of samples of the crosslinked films reached 90.1 ± 3.2 MPa at the elongation at break of 12.4 ± 2.3%, depending on the forming parameters of such samples. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46463.

© 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS A series of analogues of potent antiviral perylene nucleoside dUY11 with methylthiomethyl (MTM), azidomethyl (AZM) and HO-C1–4-alkyl-1,2,3-triazol-1,4-diyl groups at 3′-O-position as well as the two products of copper-free alkyne-azide cycloaddition of the AZM derivative were prepared and evaluated against tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). Four compounds (4, 6, 8a, 8b) showed EC50 ≤ 10 nM, thus appearing the most potent TBEV inhibitors to date. Moreover, these nucleosides have higher lipophilicity (clogP) and increased solubility in aq. DMSO vs. parent compound dUY11.

© The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Background We report the association of the FAST strategy (find cases actively, separate safely, and treat effectively) with reduction of hospital-based acquisition of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in the Russian Federation. Methods We used preintervention and postintervention cohorts in 2 Russian hospitals to determine whether the FAST strategy was associated with a reduced odds of converting MDR tuberculosis within 12 months among patients with tuberculosis susceptible to isoniazid and rifampin at baseline. Results Sixty-three of 709 patients (8.9%) with isoniazid and rifampin-susceptible tuberculosis acquired MDR tuberculosis; 55 (12.2%) were in the early cohort, and 8 (3.1%) were in the FAST cohort. The FAST strategy was associated with a reduced odds (adjusted odds ratio, 0.16; 95% confidence interval,.07-.39) and 9.2% absolute reduction in the risk of MDR tuberculosis acquisition. Conclusion Use of the FAST strategy in 2 Russian hospitals was associated with significantly less MDR tuberculosis 12 months after implementation.

© 2018 Elsevier Ltd A nickel oxyhydroxide [NiO(OH)] anode was exploited to develop a new synthetic route for the electrocatalytic N-N homocoupling of N-alkylaminopyrazoles in an alkaline aqueous medium. The advantages of this green electrochemical methodology include low cost, atom economy and high yields.

© 2018 The American Society of Gene and Cell Therapy Treatment of myocardial infarction (MI) with bone marrow cells (BMCs) improves post-MI cardiac function in rodents. However, clinical trials of BMC therapy have been less effective. While most rodent experiments use young healthy donors, patients undergoing autologous cell therapy are older and post-MI. We previously demonstrated that BMCs from aged and post-MI donor mice are therapeutically impaired, and that donor MI induces inflammatory changes in BMC composition including reduced levels of B lymphocytes. Here, we hypothesized that B cell alterations in bone marrow account for the reduced therapeutic potential of post-MI and aged donor BMCs. Injection of BMCs from increasingly aged donor mice resulted in progressively poorer cardiac function and larger infarct size. Flow cytometry revealed fewer B cells in aged donor bone marrow. Therapeutic efficacy of young healthy donor BMCs was reduced by depletion of B cells. Implantation of intact or lysed B cells improved cardiac function, whereas intact or lysed T cells provided only minor benefit. We conclude that B cells play an important paracrine role in effective BMC therapy for MI. Reduction of bone marrow B cells because of age or MI may partially explain why clinical autologous cell therapy has not matched the success of rodent experiments. Implantation of bone marrow cells into mouse hearts after myocardial infarction is therapeutic, but if the cells are from donors that are older or post-MI (mimicking autologous cell therapy), they are less effective. This report presents evidence that a decrease in B lymphocytes is responsible for the reduced therapeutic response.

© 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor  &  Francis Group. Sub-constructs of morning–evening preference might be differentially related to polymorphisms in circadian clock genes. We previously reported significant association between a single nucleotide polymorphism in PER3 (rs2640909) and Morning but not Evening Lateness scale of the Sleep–Wake Pattern Assessment Questionnaire. To further explore such a scale-specific relationship, seven single nucleotide polymorphisms in five circadian clock genes were studied using exploratory and confirmatory samples (in total, n = 698). The association of rs2640909 with Morning Lateness scale was not replicated in the confirmatory sample but remained significant in the merged sample. Moreover, we found and confirmed an association of this scale with rs1159814 in RORα. The results provided further evidence for differential relationship of polymorphisms in circadian clock genes with morning and evening components of morning–evening preference. We also suggested possibility to take into account the pattern of geographic variation in allele frequency for prioritization of circadian clock polymorphisms in candidate gene studies.

© 2018 The Author(s). Background: The approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) differ in various parts of the world. We sought to determine the adherence to international and national urticaria guidelines as well as the motives to deviate from the guidelines among physicians worldwide. Methods: A web-based questionnaire was created and launched via e-mail by the World Allergy Organization (WAO) to representatives of all WAO Member Societies, the members of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI) and the members of the WAO Junior Members Group (JMG), regardless of the specialty, affiliation, or nationality in March 2017. Results: We received 1140 completed surveys from participating physicians from 99 countries. Virtually all participants (96%) were aware of at least one urticaria guideline and reported that they follow a guideline. However, one in five physicians who follow a guideline (22%) reported to deviate from it. Reliance on own clinical experience is the most frequent reason for deviation from guidelines or not following them (44%). Young (< 40 years) and less experienced physicians more often follow a guideline and less often deviate than older and experienced ones. Physicians who follow a urticaria guideline showed higher rates of routinely ordering a complete blood count, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, anti-thyroid antibodies, and thyroid-stimulating hormone and of performing the autologous serum skin test as compared to those who do not. Physicians who follow a urticaria guideline showed higher rates of using second generation antihistamines as their first-line treatment of CSU (p = 0.001) and more frequently observed higher efficacy of these drugs (or had more confidence that it would work, p < 0.019) as compared to those who do not follow the guidelines. Conclusions: Physicians' characteristics (e.g. age, clinical experience, and specialty) and country specifics and regional features (e.g. availability of drugs for CSU treatment) importantly influence adherence to urticaria guidelines and CSU patient care and should be addressed in more detail in future research.

© 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor  &  Francis Group. The objective of this article is to attract the attention of clinical physicians to the rare but extremely relevant clinical pathology of mesenchymal dysplasias (Marfan syndrome, Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia) and especially specific characteristics of such diseases during pregnancy. Connective tissue pathology can cover different organs and systems, symptoms of the same disease can vary in different patients thus making diagnostics significantly difficult. Here clinical diagnostic criteria and methods of molecular diagnostics of diseases are described. The pathogenesis of mesenchymal dysplasias is not currently well understood. For the patients with mesenchymal dysplasias pregnancy is fraught with high risk of life-threatening complications. The preferred delivery method for such patients is caesarean section.

© 2018, © 2018 Taylor  &  Francis. American neurologist and epileptologist Francis M. Forster (1912–2006) was the last survivor of the “Four Horsemen,” a nickname given to the four neurologists—Forster, Abe Baker, Russell DeJong, and Adolph Sahs—who were most instrumental in founding the American Academy of Neurology under Baker’s leadership in 1948. Forster was a consulting physician for many high-profile patients, including President Dwight Eisenhower, President Quirino and Archbishop Reyes of the Philippines, Provisional President Lonardi of Argentina, and Cardinal Albert Meyer of Chicago. Forster was also an expert witness for the prosecution in the trial of Jack Ruby, who killed Lee Harvey Oswald. Forster’s greatest legacy, though, was as a teacher: During his career as chairman of two robust academic neurology departments, he trained more than 100 residents, at least 17 of whom went on to become chairmen of neurology departments in the United States, Europe, Asia, and South America.

© 2018, © 2018 Taylor  &  Francis. “The Four Horsemen” was the nickname given to the four neurologists—Abraham Baker, Francis Forster, Russell DeJong, and Adolph Sahs—who were most instrumental in founding and developing the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) beginning around 1948. Forster later humorously added “and their nags” to the epithet to reflect the cohesion of the founders and their wives. This article presents the personal recollections of these founders from correspondence and oral histories. When the AAN was founded, private-practice neurologists and residents were excluded from the academically oriented and restrictive American Neurological Association (ANA). Baker conceptualized the AAN as an inclusive professional society that would accept all neurologists of whatever age and level of training, and that would strive to strengthen their knowledge, competencies, and skills through continuing medical education and guideline development. Baker recruited supportive colleagues to help create and develop the organization. Their intention was not to compete with or subvert the ANA, but to offer an inclusive professional organization for all neurologists. Nevertheless, their efforts produced opposition among ANA members. To defuse the antagonism, neurologist Alphonse Vonderahe proposed an influential House–Senate formulation of the AAN–ANA relationship, modeled after the U.S. Congress, both as a supporting rationale for the AAN and as a conceptual model for the functional relationship between the two organizations. The inclusive approach greatly augmented the ranks of the fledgling AAN, whereas those of the ANA stayed relatively stagnant, with the AAN ultimately becoming the dominant neurological society. These neurologic pioneers laid the groundwork for an invigorated, well-trained, scientifically based specialty of neurology in the second half of the twentieth century.

© 2018, © 2018 Taylor  &  Francis. American neurologist and neuropathologist Abraham Bert (Abe) Baker (1908–1988) was instrumental in founding the American Academy of Neurology and served as a catalyst for the emergence of neurology as a strong, independent medical discipline in the United States in the second half of the twentieth century. Baker served as the first president of the Academy from 1948 to 1951. He was also instrumental in garnering support for the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness, which was founded in 1950 and later evolved into the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Baker’s leadership was also essential in developing continuing medical education for neurologists at a national level and in garnering federal financial support for neurology training programs.

© 2018, The Author(s). Introduction: Trimetazidine (TMZ) has been shown to reduce angina symptoms and to increase exercise capacity in randomized clinical trials, but more extensive data would be useful to assess its effects in real-world clinical practice and in patients with different durations of disease. Methods: CHOICE-2 was a Russian, multicenter, 6-month, open-label, prospective observational study that assessed the effect of adding TMZ modified release 35 mg bid to antianginal treatment in a real-world setting. The present analysis of CHOICE-2 results explored the effects of adding TMZ to background antianginal therapies with regard to the duration of stable angina. Results: A total of 741 patients with known durations of disease were divided into four groups according to stable angina pectoris (AP) duration, ranging from less than 1 year to more than 9 years. Addition of TMZ led to a significant decrease in the frequency of angina attacks and in the use of short-acting nitrates in all groups. In patients with recently diagnosed angina (AP duration < 1 year), the average number of angina attacks per week decreased significantly from 3.75 ± 4.63 to 0.67 ± 1.51 and in those with advanced disease (AP duration > 9 years) from 5.63 ± 5.24 to 1.32 ± 2.07. Angina-free walking distance also improved significantly. Addition of TMZ also improved patient well-being. Results were achieved rapidly (within 2 weeks), were maintained over 6 months, and were obtained in all patient groups regardless of angina duration. Conclusion: TMZ added to other antianginal therapies proved to be effective for reducing angina attacks and short-acting nitrate use, increasing angina-free walking distance, and improving patient well-being in a real-life setting, irrespective of angina duration, including patients with recently diagnosed angina. This provides an opportunity for intensification of treatment early on in the disease process, with the aim of decreasing angina burden and improving patient quality of life. Funding: Servier. Trial Registration: ISRCTN identifier ISRCTN65209863. Plain Language Summary: Plain language summary available for this article.

© 2018, Pediatria Ltd.. All rights reserved. The article presents data of a systematic review of observational and interventional studies on possible associations between the level of macro-and micronutrients consumption by lactating mothers and their breast milk composition. Authors present the results of a 3-week prospective medical observation in assessing the tolerability of specialized products for lactating mothers, as well as the dynamics of the physical development of their children who are exclusively breastfed.

The article presents the results of medical sociological study carried out with the purpose of analyzing concepts and motivation attitudes of students of medical universities concerning healthy life-style and its components. The results of study demonstrate that students admitting importance of preservation of one's own health, are committed to unhealthy life-style and more often renounce sport involvement and are inactive in the area of diseases prevention and health promotion. It is emphasized that healthy life-style of students of medical universities is rather exception than prevalent practice.

© 2018, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. Phospholipase D (PLD; EC 3.1.4.4) is one of the key enzymes catalyzing hydrolysis of cell membrane phospholipids. This review considers and summaries current knowledge about six human PLD isoforms, their structure and a role in physiological and pathological processes. Comparative analysis of PLD isoforms structure is presented. The review considers the mechanism of hydrolysis and transphosphatidylation performed by PLD, the role of PLD1 and PLD2 in the pathogenesis of some types of cancer, infectious, thrombotic, and neurodegenerative diseases is analyzed. The prospects of development of PLD isoformselective inhibitors are considered in the context of their clinical use and inclusion into various therapeutic schemes; the latter is especially important in the case of already developed PLD inhibitors. Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) formed in the human body during phospholipid transphosphatidylation catalyzed by PLD is considered as an alcohol abuse biomarker.