Репозиторий Университета

© 2018 Russian Electronic Journal of Radiology. All rights reserved. Purpose. Evaluation of the morbidity structure and demonstration CT-semiotics of the main diseases in patients with nontraumatic acute abdomen. Materials and methods. 905 studies of the abdomen performed in 2016 in the State Clinical Hospital named after S.P. Botkin in patients with acute abdomen. The studies were conducted natively, with contrasting per os, with intravenous enhancement, depending on the expected pathology. Results. The most common causes of acute abdomen were: acute intestinal obstruction (27%), pancreatitis (9%), urolithiasis and its complications (8%), oncology directly and its complications (7%), inflammatory changes in the gallbladder and diliary ducts (4%), inflammatory changes in the kidneys (3%). Also significant weight in the structure of morbidity was perforation of the bowel (2.5%), mesenteric thrombosis (2%), extraorganic inflammatory changes (2%). Only 5% of cases failed to reliably detect signs of a pathological process in the presence of a clinical picture. The main characteristics of the risk group for the emergence of acute abdominal pathology, such as the age of 32-67 years, the male sex, are revealed. A more detailed analysis of risk factors within the statistically most significant nosological groups was also carried out. The diagnostic efficiency index of multislice computed tomography (CT) for the above diseases varied from 95% to 97%, the sensitivity and specificity of the method depending on the disease were 95-97.8% and 93.2-97%, respectively, p> 0.05. Conclusions. CT allows to determine the nature of the disease quite accurately in emergency medical care in patients with nontraumatic urgent abdominal pathology. The identification of a risk group in the structure of acute nontraumatic abdominal pathology facilitates early diagnosis and timely treatment.