Репозиторий Университета

© 2018 Elsevier Inc. Oxidative stress is a major contributor to secondary injury signaling cascades following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The role of lipid peroxidation in the pathophysiology of a traumatic insult to neural tissue is increasingly recognized. As the methods to quantify lipid peroxidation have gradually improved, so has the understanding of mechanistic details of lipid peroxidation and related signaling events in the injury pathogenesis. While free-radical mediated, non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation has long been studied, recent advances in redox lipidomics have demonstrated the significant contribution of enzymatic lipid peroxidation to TBI pathogenesis. Complex interactions between inflammation, phospholipid peroxidation, and hydrolysis define the engagement of different cell death programs and the severity of injury and outcome. This review focuses on enzymatic phospholipid peroxidation after TBI, including the mechanism of production, signaling roles in secondary injury pathology, and temporal course of production with respect to inflammatory response. In light of the newly identified phospholipid oxidation mechanisms, we also discuss possible therapeutic targets to improve neurocognitive outcome after TBI. Finally, we discuss current limitations in identifying oxidized phospholipids and possible methodologic improvements that can offer a deeper insight into the region-specific distribution and subcellular localization of phospholipid oxidation after TBI.

© 2018, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. Mediator is a key factor in the regulation of expression of RNA polymerase II-transcribed genes. Recent studies have shown that Mediator acts as a coordinator of transcription activation and participates in maintaining chromatin architecture in the cell nucleus. In this review, we present current concepts on the structure and functions of Mediator.

© 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. The one-pot process of anodic transformation of N-alkyl-3-aminopyrazoles into azopyrazoles under conditions of membraneless electrolysis in an aqueous solution of NaBr was studied for the first time. It was found that under these conditions the aminopyrazoles, which do not have a substituent at position 4, transform into the corresponding 4,4´-dibromoazopyrazoles. The corresponding yield was in the interval of 28—80%, depending on the structure of the products. The transformation of 4-substituted aminopyrazoles resulted in the formation of azopyrazoles in the yields lying within 62—86% when this process was implemented under conditions with the anodically generated Br2 acting as a mediator. A convenient method of anodic synthesis of azopyrazoles in an aqueous medium without the use of additives of chemical oxidants was proposed. The process is environmentally sound and is characterized by a high atom efficiency (>85%).