Репозиторий Университета

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd Color is an important environmental factor that in multiple ways affects human and animal behavior and physiology. Widely used in neuroscience research, various experimental (animal) models may help improve our understanding of how different colors impact brain and behavioral processes. Complementing laboratory rodents, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) is rapidly emerging as an important novel model species to explore complex neurobehavioral processes. The growing utility of zebrafish in biomedicine makes it timely to consider the role of colors in their behavioral and physiological responses. Here, we summarize mounting evidence implicating colors as a critical variable in zebrafish models and neurobehavioral traits, with a particular relevance to CNS disease modeling, genetic and pharmacological modulation, as well as environmental enrichment and animal welfare. We also discuss the growing value of zebrafish models to study color neurobiology and color-related neurobehavioral phenomics, and outline future directions of research in this field.

© 2018 Dynasty Publishing House. All rights reserved. The objective. To offer a characteristic of phenotypes of atopic bronchial asthma (BA) in children according to the level physical health (LPH). Patients and methods. Our observation included 359 children aged 4 - 14 years with atopic BA. We performed a questionnaire survey among parents, studied medical histories and took anthropometric parameters. The parameters of respiratory, muscular and cardiovascular systems, and LPH according to the method by G.L.Apanasenko (1992) were determined. Results. Using multiple factor analysis with the principal component method we selected parameters that characterize the level of physical health in BA: values of external respiratory function - ERF (VC, FEV1), hand muscle strength (HMS), body mass index (BMI), vital index (VI), Robinson index (IRob), muscular endurance (ME). In BA with low LPH no patient has full control over disease. Overweight is recorded in 37.9% of them, lower ERF parameters in 33.3%, lower HMS in 87.9%, deviations on the part of the cardiovascular system in 80.3%. In BA with higher LPH, full control over diseases is observed in almost half of children (48.7%), harmonious physical development - in 87.1% of cases. Parameters of ERF, muscular and cardiovascular system corresponded to the norm in 92.3; 61.5 and 100% of patients, respectively. Children with BA with average LPH take the intermediate position between these two groups. Conclusion. Physical health should be regarded as a factor of retaining control over BA. Phenotype determination according to the level of physical health and degree of disease control permits to personify rehabilitation programmes for children with atopic bronchial asthma.

© 2018, Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy. All rights reserved. Persistent bronchial inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is considered the cause of ventilation disorders and related contamination with conditionally pathogenic microorganisms; the latter can proceed and transform into a full infection, which can aggravate and exacerbate COPD. The aim of the study was to evaluate the relations between the oropharyngeal microbiota in patients with COPD and the clinical, functional, and prognostic parameters of the disease. Materials and Methods. 64 patients with COPD were included in the study; the participants were scheduled to visit our clinic on two occasions. In the first visit, their medical history was studied in detail and the major examination procedures were conducted. Those included an assessment of the respiratory function, the 6-minute walk test, the degree of dyspnea by the Medical Research Council scale, body plethysmography, the diffusion capacity of the lungs, and a chest CT scan. The second visit took place 12 months after the first one to assess the changes in the course of the disease. The result was considered negative if, in the second examination, the patient‘s condition was found more severe. Oropharyngeal samples of all patients were sequenced to identify the V3–V4 variable sites of the 16S rRNA gene. Results. It is found that the microbiological oropharyngeal patterns in COPD patients depend on the source of micro-aspiration. In addition, the changes in the oropharyngeal microbiota correlate with the severity and prognosis of the disease, as well as the patient phenotype. Based on the data obtained by sequencing parts of the 16S rRNA gene, the role of oropharyngeal microbiota in determining the course and prognosis of COPD has been elucidated. Conclusion. The presented clinical and functional characteristics associated with oropharyngeal microbiota indicate that microaspirations from other body compartments not only affect the composition of oropharyngeal microbiota in patients with COPD but also have an important prognostic significance.