Репозиторий Университета

© 2018 Russian Electronic Journal of Radiology. All rights reserved. The analysis of 523 ultrasound examinations of the face in fetuses in pregnancy 10-14 weeks. Studies performed using 2D/3D/4D equipment transabdominal and transvaginal accesses and different modes (surface, multiplane and multislice). Investigated and presented to the rendering capabilities of individual facial structures at different age of gestation. Presents new and original methods for the visualization of the hard palate. The high informativeness of 3D/4D echography, means and tools, and its advantages in assessing the anatomy of the face in the first trimester of pregnancy are shown.

© 2018 Media Sfera. All rights reserved. Purpose. To study the effects of long-term instillation of 0.18% sodium hyaluronate artificial tears VISMED multi on ocular surface in glaucomatous patients with long-term instillation of preserved anti-glaucoma drops. Material and methods. The study included 79 patients (40 female and 39 male; 79 eyes in total) with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) divided into 3 groups according to disease stage: mild or early (stage I) glaucoma - 15 patients (15 eyes), moderate (stage II) glaucoma - 30 patients (30 eyes), advanced or severe (stage III) glaucoma - 34 patients (34 eyes). Conjunctival and corneal changes were assessed with Norn's test, Schirmer I test and corneal fluorescein staining test. All patients completed Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire. Corneal compensated intraocular pressure (IOPcc) was measured using Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) (Reichert Optics Inc., USA). In addition to hypotensive therapy, all patients received instillations of 0.18% sodium hyaluronate (VISMED multi) three times every day. After 14 days, all examinations were repeated. Results. The condition of eye surface in patients with moderate and advanced (stage II and III) glaucoma depends on the degree of IOPcc compensation. As glaucoma increases in severity, the pathological changes in the ocular surface progress. Instillations of 0.18% sodium hyaluronate solution lead to significant improvement of the test results in all groups, and in early glaucoma patients it restores all objective indicators to normal values. Conclusion. Treatment with 0.18% sodium hyaluronate solution (VISMED multi) leads to statistically significant (p<0.05) improvement of ocular surface condition in glaucoma patients with long-term instillation of preserved antiglaucoma eye drops.

© 2018 Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. We consider a vector-Laplace problem posed on a two-dimensional surface embedded in a three-dimensional domain, which results from the modeling of surface fluids based on exterior Cartesian differential operators. The main topic of this paper is the development and analysis of a finite element method for the discretization of this surface partial differential equation. We apply the trace finite element technique, in which finite element spaces on a background shape-regular tetrahedral mesh that is surface independent are used for discretization. In order to satisfy the constraint that the solution vector field is tangential to the surface we introduce a Lagrange multiplier. We show well-posedness of the resulting saddle point formulation. A discrete variant of this formulation is introduced which contains suitable stabilization terms and is based on trace finite element spaces. For this method we derive optimal discretization error bounds. Furthermore algebraic properties of the resulting discrete saddle point problem are studied. In particular an optimal Schur complement preconditioner is proposed. Results of a numerical experiment are included.

© 2018 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland  This paper presents the results of experimental studies of arrays of Ag 0.52 Au 0.48 alloy nanoparticles. Arrays were formed by vacuum-thermal evaporation on an unheated substrate and subsequent low-temperature vacuum annealing. The TEM images of the obtained nanoparticle arrays and corresponding histograms of particle size distribution are shown. The transmission spectra of these arrays showing the displacement of the plasma frequency as a function of the mean particle size are obtained. Spectra of Raman scattering from a thin film of amorphous carbon in presence of AgAu particles are obtained, and a comparative analysis of Raman scattering amplification factors for pure Ag, pure Au and Ag 0.52 Au 0.48 alloy nanoparticles is presented.

© 2018, The Author(s). Studies on the methods of nanoparticle (NP) synthesis, analysis of their characteristics, and exploration of new fields of their applications are at the forefront of modern nanotechnology. The possibility of engineering water-soluble NPs has paved the way to their use in various basic and applied biomedical researches. At present, NPs are used in diagnosis for imaging of numerous molecular markers of genetic and autoimmune diseases, malignant tumors, and many other disorders. NPs are also used for targeted delivery of drugs to tissues and organs, with controllable parameters of drug release and accumulation. In addition, there are examples of the use of NPs as active components, e.g., photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy and in hyperthermic tumor destruction through NP incorporation and heating. However, a high toxicity of NPs for living organisms is a strong limiting factor that hinders their use in vivo. Current studies on toxic effects of NPs aimed at identifying the targets and mechanisms of their harmful effects are carried out in cell culture models; studies on the patterns of NP transport, accumulation, degradation, and elimination, in animal models. This review systematizes and summarizes available data on how the mechanisms of NP toxicity for living systems are related to their physical and chemical properties.

© 2018 Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. In this paper, we study a new numerical method for the solution of partial differential equations on evolving surfaces. The numerical method is built on the stabilized trace finite element method (TraceFEM) for the spatial discretization and finite differences for the time discretization. The TraceFEM uses a stationary background mesh, which can be chosen independent of time and the position of the surface. The stabilization ensures well-conditioning of the algebraic systems and defines a regular extension of the solution from the surface to its volumetric neighborhood. Having such an extension is essential for the numerical method to be well defined. The paper proves numerical stability and optimal order error estimates for the case of simplicial background meshes and finite element spaces of order m \geq 1. For the algebraic condition numbers of the resulting systems we prove estimates, which are independent of the position of the interface. The method allows that the surface and its evolution are given implicitly with the help of an indicator function. Results of numerical experiments for a set of 2D evolving surfaces are provided.

© 2018 Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved. The objective of the present study was the comprehensive investigation of morphogenesis of the surface relief of the major local ruptures of the liver in the case of a blunt injury and the obtaining of an additional information on the possibility to use these data for the purposes of forensic medical expertise. We explored the reliefs of the major local ruptures of the liver in the cases of a single fatal blunt injury inflicted in a traffic accident, by kicking or a powerful stroke with the fist. In addition, the threshold hepatic lesions depending on their severity were determined experimentally. The model allowing to describe the qualitative relief alterations of the rupture surface associated with a blunt injury has been developed. The main elements of the surface relief of the major ruptures include avulsion and shear ridges, folds as well as «extension zones». Three types of possible rupture surface reliefs have been identified, viz. relatively uniform, stratified and fragmented non-uniform ones. Such reliefs are formed in the case of a threshold injury, powerful stroke with the leg or the fist, and road traffic accident, respectively. The location of the shear ridges at the ruptured surface makes it possible to determine the direction of growth of the local major rupture and of the stroke vector. The presence of multiple «extension zones» at the surface of the local major rupture may serve as an indicator either of the influence of the unlimited traumatic surface or of the very strong stroke. The above features of the relief of the rupture surface provide the conditions for the application of the statistical approach to the elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the deformation and the destruction of the parenchymatous organs suffering a blunt injury.

Studies on the methods of nanoparticle (NP) synthesis, analysis of their characteristics, and exploration of new fields of their applications are at the forefront of modern nanotechnology. The possibility of engineering water-soluble NPs has paved the way to their use in various basic and applied biomedical researches. At present, NPs are used in diagnosis for imaging of numerous molecular markers of genetic and autoimmune diseases, malignant tumors, and many other disorders. NPs are also used for targeted delivery of drugs to tissues and organs, with controllable parameters of drug release and accumulation. In addition, there are examples of the use of NPs as active components, e.g., photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy and in hyperthermic tumor destruction through NP incorporation and heating. However, a high toxicity of NPs for living organisms is a strong limiting factor that hinders their use in vivo. Current studies on toxic effects of NPs aimed at identifying the targets and mechanisms of their harmful effects are carried out in cell culture models; studies on the patterns of NP transport, accumulation, degradation, and elimination, in animal models. This review systematizes and summarizes available data on how the mechanisms of NP toxicity for living systems are related to their physical and chemical properties.

Purpose

The interaction between malignant cells and surrounding healthy tissues is a critical factor in the metastatic progression of breast cancer (BC). Extracellular vesicles, especially exosomes, are known to be involved in inter-cellular communication during cancer progression. In the study presented herein, we aimed to evaluate the role of circulating plasma exosomes in the metastatic dissemination of BC and to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon.

Methods

Exosomes isolated from plasma of healthy female donors were applied in various concentrations into the medium of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines. Motility and invasive properties of BC cells were examined by random migration and Transwell invasion assays, and the effect of plasma exosomes on the metastatic dissemination of BC cells was demonstrated in an in vivo zebrafish model. To reveal the molecular mechanism of interaction between plasma exosomes and BC cells, a comparison between un-treated and enzymatically modified exosomes was performed, followed by mass spectrometry, gene ontology, and pathway analysis.

Studies on the methods of nanoparticle (NP) synthesis, analysis of their characteristics, and exploration of new fields of their applications are at the forefront of modern nanotechnology. The possibility of engineering water-soluble NPs has paved the way to their use in various basic and applied biomedical researches. At present, NPs are used in diagnosis for imaging of numerous molecular markers of genetic and autoimmune diseases, malignant tumors, and many other disorders. NPs are also used for targeted delivery of drugs to tissues and organs, with controllable parameters of drug release and accumulation. In addition, there are examples of the use of NPs as active components, e.g., photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy and in hyperthermic tumor destruction through NP incorporation and heating. However, a high toxicity of NPs for living organisms is a strong limiting factor that hinders their use in vivo. Current studies on toxic effects of NPs aimed at identifying the targets and mechanisms of their harmful effects are carried out in cell culture models; studies on the patterns of NP transport, accumulation, degradation, and elimination, in animal models. This review systematizes and summarizes available data on how the mechanisms of NP toxicity for living systems are related to their physical and chemical properties.

Purpose

The interaction between malignant cells and surrounding healthy tissues is a critical factor in the metastatic progression of breast cancer (BC). Extracellular vesicles, especially exosomes, are known to be involved in inter-cellular communication during cancer progression. In the study presented herein, we aimed to evaluate the role of circulating plasma exosomes in the metastatic dissemination of BC and to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon.

Methods

Exosomes isolated from plasma of healthy female donors were applied in various concentrations into the medium of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines. Motility and invasive properties of BC cells were examined by random migration and Transwell invasion assays, and the effect of plasma exosomes on the metastatic dissemination of BC cells was demonstrated in an in vivo zebrafish model. To reveal the molecular mechanism of interaction between plasma exosomes and BC cells, a comparison between un-treated and enzymatically modified exosomes was performed, followed by mass spectrometry, gene ontology, and pathway analysis.