Репозиторий Университета

© 2018, Pediatria Ltd. All rights reserved. The article presents results of the study of glutathione-S-transferase GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes polymorphism in children with an isolated form of esophageal atresia (EA) with tracheoesophageal fistula and without fistula. Study materials and methods: 130 children were examined, including 39 children with EA and 91 children without EA, whose mothers did not consume tobacco or alcohol during pregnancy. All children belong to the Russian ethnic group. Samples of DNA for further analysis were obtained from buccal epithelial cells. Typing of allelic polymorphism of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes was performed by Real-time PCR and quantitative PCR. Results: in children with an isolated EA the study revealed a statistically significant increase in the frequency of heterozygous genotypes (+/del) for GSTM1 in comparison with the frequency estimate in the control group (χ2=6,74 df=1, p<0,001). Conclusion: the association of EA with the heterozygous genotype of GSTM1 gene was first established, which may indicate a higher risk of pathology development for carriers of this genotype. The authors believe that EA formation depends on the cumulative effect of mother and newborn genotypes, leading to a decrease in GSTM1 enzyme catalytic activity. To determine the hereditary predisposition to EA development in a fetus it is reasonable to determine the glutathione-S-transferase genes polymorphisms in pregnant women who smoke and consume alcohol, as well as pregnant women living in ecologically unfavorable regions.

© 2018, Dynasty Publishing House. All rights resvered. The objective. A comparative study of components of the quality of life of parturient women, whose pregnancy developed both after in vitro fertilisation (with the use of donor or own oocytes) or spontaneously. Patients and methods. We assessed the quality of life of 160 parturient women. In 40 women pregnancy developed after IVF with the use of donor eggs, in 40 women – after IVF with own eggs, 40 patients participated in the programme «Surrogate motherhood», and 40 women had a spontaneous pregnancy. The standard SF-36 questionnaire was used. Results. Surrogate mothers demonstrate a somewhat higher self-assessment of their physical condition, underestimate their limitations on physical activities (daily self-care, walking, climbing stairs, carrying heavy objects, etc.), estimate their health at the moment of the survey higher than respondents of other groups and overestimate their mental health (mood, absence of depression and anxiety, the general index of positive emotions) as compared with respondents of other groups. Conclusion. Preventive psychological diagnostics, psychological follow-up of women during preparation to pregnancy, during carrying a baby and in the postpartum period have favourable effects on the successful outcome of the «Surrogate motherhood» programme.

© 2018, Dynasty Publishing House. All rights reserved. The objective. Was to develop echographic and Doppler prognostic markers of lesions of the central nervous system (CNS) in premature newborns. Patients and methods. In accordance with the objective of the study we conducted a complex prospective examination of 196 pregnant women diagnosed with threatened preterm labour. The treatment group consisted of 166 women, whose pregnancy ended with spontaneous births at terms 22–36 wks, and premature newborns later developed various disorders of CNS. Results. We found morphological ultrasound and Doppler ultrasound specificities of fetal CNS against the background of threatened preterm labour depending on the term of gestation at the moment of birth and subsequent neurological disorders in premature infants. The most significant were changes of the ventriculo-cranial index, width of anterior horns of lateral ventricles, thalamo-occipital distance, systolic-diastolic ratio between vertebrobasilar vessels of the brain. Conclusion. Such a detailed prenatal diagnosis contributes to noninvasive prognostication of the severity of neurological lesions of CNS in premature infants. The results showed interrelations between perinatal outcomes and initial blood flow impairment of fetal CNS in 97% of observations.

© 2018 Russian Electronic Journal of Radiology. All rights reserved. The analysis of 523 ultrasound examinations of the face in fetuses in pregnancy 10-14 weeks. Studies performed using 2D/3D/4D equipment transabdominal and transvaginal accesses and different modes (surface, multiplane and multislice). Investigated and presented to the rendering capabilities of individual facial structures at different age of gestation. Presents new and original methods for the visualization of the hard palate. The high informativeness of 3D/4D echography, means and tools, and its advantages in assessing the anatomy of the face in the first trimester of pregnancy are shown.

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are widely used for a variety of medical, agricultural and public health purposes. Consequently, exposure is highly possible during lifetime. However, their systematic use raises concerns for the potential impact on the fetus and newborn since these substances may affect angiogenesis, the neonatal and maternal intensive care, neuroimmune function and response, mammary growth/lactation via cholinergic/non-cholinergic central and peripheral neuroendocrine pathways. New methodologies, neuroscientific technologies and research studies are needed to harness existing knowledge along with the proper management, availability for new acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, with stable pharmacodynamics and clinical outcomes.

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are widely used for a variety of medical, agricultural and public health purposes. Consequently, exposure is highly possible during lifetime. However, their systematic use raises concerns for the potential impact on the fetus and newborn since these substances may affect angiogenesis, the neonatal and maternal intensive care, neuroimmune function and response, mammary growth/lactation via cholinergic/non-cholinergic central and peripheral neuroendocrine pathways. New methodologies, neuroscientific technologies and research studies are needed to harness existing knowledge along with the proper management, availability for new acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, with stable pharmacodynamics and clinical outcomes.