Репозиторий Университета

© Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology 2018. Background. Carriership of CYP4F2*3 (rs2108622, Val433Met) allelic variant can affect antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel, thus changing efficacy and safety of its standard dose. Aim. To study the impact of carriership of at least one CYP4F2*3 allele on the risk of resistance to clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Material and methods. The study enrolled 81 patients with ACS and PCI: 64 males and 17 females, mean age 63.9±10.9 years. CYP4F2 allelic variants were detected by the method of real-time polymerase chain reaction. Platelet functional activity was evaluated by a portative aggregometer - the VerifyNow P2Y12 assay. Results. Pharmacogenetic testing showed that 40 (49.4%) of ACS patients had normal genotype (CC), 38 (46.9%) patients were carriers of one associated with reduced drug metabolism allele (CT genotype), and 3 (3.7%) patients were homozygotes for T (TT genotype). Genotype and allele distribution was in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (χ2=2.79; p=0.095). There were no statistically significant differences in CYP4F2*3 allele frequency between patients that are resistant to clopidogrel (PRU > 208) and in patients with a normal response to clopidogrel (PRU < 208): 36.8% vs 54.8% (p=0.17). Average platelet reactivity units (PRU) and average platelet inhibition (%) in patients with and without T allelic variant of CYP4F2 also were not significantly different: 165.34±51.03 PRU vs 174.8±51.06 PRU (p=0.407), respectively, and 29.51±21.59% vs 27.72±18.35%, respectively (p=0.69). Conclusion. Carriership of CYP4F2*3 allelic variant does not affect antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel in ACS patients. Further research on larger samples is needed to determine the role of CYP4F2 polymorphisms in personalization of clopidogrel antiplatelet therapy.

© 2018 American Leather Chemists Association. All rights reserved. The regenerative potential of biodegradable collagen matrix (hemostatic sponge) for healing full-thickness rabbit conjunctival injury was studied. Results of histological investigation and scanning electron microscopy showed evidence of the progressive degradation of collagen matrix followed by granulation tissue formation from periphery to the center of the conjunctival wound. The ungrafted conjunctival defect was substituted with granulation tissue from the intact edges of wound to the center. Both matrix-grafted and ungrafted full-thickness conjunctival defects were covered completely with loose stroma and stratified squamous epithelium within 30 days. Thus, high regenerative potential of biodegradable collagen matrix (hemostatic sponge) implanted into the zone of injury for healing full-thickness defect of rabbit conjunctiva was established.

© 2018, Media Sfera. All rights reserved. Purpose - to evaluate the effectiveness of injectable implants made of hyaluronic acid gel (HAG) in ophthalmoplastics. Material and methods. The study included 57 patients (37 patients with lagophthalmos related to acute or chronic facial nerve palsy, endocrine ophthalmopathy; 20 patients with enophthalmos, anophthalmic syndrome). Depending on filler particle size, the patients received either intrapalpebral or intraorbital HAG injection. The biometric measures of palpebral fissure, the position of the eye/implant, and the condition of the cornea were evaluated during the follow-up period (12 months for eyelid and 18 for orbital injection). Results. In the course of the follow-up, all patients showed reliable reduction of lagophthalmos; additionally, improvement of the condition of the cornea was observed in patients after intrapalpebral injection; patients after intraorbital injection exhibited reduction in enophthalmos, upper orbital palpebral fold retraction and upper eyelid excursion. No serious complications have occurred after the injection. Conclusion. As minimally invasive method of treating various pathologies of the orbit and eyelids, HAG fillers showed good clinical effectiveness and safety.

© 2018 Media Sphera Publishing Group.All Rights Reserved. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical and interferon-modulating efficacy of a combination of rectal and topical dosage forms of IFN-α2b with antioxidants in the treatment of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in comparison with other variants of antiviral therapy. Materials and methods. A total of 90 servicemen aged 19.2±0.9 years with uncomplicated forms of ARI were hospitalized not later than 48 hours after the onset of the disease. Patients were randomized into 3 groups of 30 people each. In the first group, patients received rectal suppositories containing IFN-α2b (1 million IU) and antioxidants (alpha-tocopherol acetate and ascorbic acid) twice a day for 5 days. In the second group, patients received intranasally a gel formulation containing IFN-α2b (36 000 IU/1 g) and antioxidants 3 times a day in addition to the above suppositories. In the third group, patients were prescribed umifenovir (reference drug) at dose of 200 mg 4 times a day for 5 days. The dynamics of regression of clinical manifestations of ARI in different groups, changes in concentrations of IFN-α and IFN-γ in blood plasma, as well as spontaneous and induced production of these cytokines by blood cells ex vivo were evaluated. After that, the patients were observed for another 3 months to register repeated cases of hospitalization for ARI. Results. Marked tendency to accelerate the regression of symptoms of intoxication and fever was observed when intranasal dosage form of IFN-α2b was administered to patients receiving the rectal form of this cytokine. The combination of rectal and topical dosage forms of IFN-α2b with antioxidants was more effective than monotherapy with the rectal suppositories in preventing repeated hospitalization for ARI. The above combination caused the most complete correction of induced production of IFN-α by blood cells ex vivo at its initial deviation from the norm. Conclusion. The obtained data indicate the expediency of using the combination of rectal and topical dosage forms of IFN-α2b with antioxidants for treatment of ARI.

© 2018, Bionika Media Ltd. All rights reserved. Relative and absolute hyperestrogenism and a change in the estradiol/progesterone (E2/P) ratio are of great importance in the pathogenesis of fibrocystic breast disease, which justifies the choice of progesterones for pathogenetic therapy. Transdermal progesterone gel is recommended in accordance with the instruction for medical use as monotherapy for this disease. Clinical findings show that the transdermal administration of progesterone is effective in reducing not only mastalgia, but also the number of cysts. A survey of physicians has demonstrated that unregistered drugs for this indication are used to treat fibrocystic breast disease. If there are indications, pharmacotherapy should be performed strictly in accordance with the instruction for medical use, which always contains information regarding what specific benign breast disease is treated with this drug, whether it is used as alone or as part of standard combination therapy, and which specific symptom should be eliminated if the drug is used symptomatically.

© 2018 Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration. All rights reserved. This article uses oral history interviews to examine the memory of believers from Evangelical Christian-Baptist (ECB) churches regarding the requirements for women's external appearance as a reflection of their personal piety. While discussing believers' memory of the late Soviet period, the article demonstrates that these congregations focused almost exclusively on women. The conviction that believers were not to reflect the "outside world" in appearance was actually a double standard for women, since women's fashion choices have been much more dynamic than men's in the Soviet and post-Soviet periods. The article discusses the historical and social significance of the emphasis on women's appearance, arguing that both a high view of scripture and a nostalgia for the "Soviet past" perpetuated the patriarchal norms held by both men and women in ECB congregations. The authors then utilize a series of historical photographs from the 1940s to the 1970s to demonstrate the scope of the transformation of ECB believers' memory, which did not always accurately reflect late-Soviet reality. The authors conclude that the extensive changes in the social order in general and in women's fashion in particular in the post-Soviet period strengthened believers' impulse to isolate themselves from the immoral "outside world." By following the accepted norms for their external appearance, ECB women's appearance becomes a marker of their faith and a visible sign of their piety that is so highly prized by their community.

© 2018, Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy. All rights reserved. 3D printing became a widely used technique for tissue engineering applications. This additive technology enables easy fabrication of very complicated structures. However, selection and preparation of initial compositions for 3D printing satisfying high biocompatibility and processability requirements still remains challenging. One of the most promising materials for mimicking of the living tissues are hydrogels possessing properties close to native tissues. In this work, the printability of hydrogels based on hyaluronic acid and poly(ethylene glycol) derivatives dissolved in phosphate buffer saline in presence of flavin mononucleotide as an endogenous photosensitizer has been studied. To produce a hydrogel pattern, the extrusion of photocurable composition has been combined with its simultaneous photoinduced crosslinking under laser irradiation at 450 nm. Cytotoxicity of fabricated films and 3D scaffolds has been tested in vitro using human fibroblasts BJ-5ta.

© 2018 The Authors Recent years have witnessed the development of an enormous variety of hydrogel-based systems for neuroregeneration. Formed from hydrophilic polymers and comprised of up to 90% of water, these three-dimensional networks are promising tools for brain tissue regeneration. They can assist structural and functional restoration of damaged tissues by providing mechanical support and navigating cell fate. Hydrogels also show the potential for brain injury therapy due to their broadly tunable physical, chemical, and biological properties. Hydrogel polymers, which have been extensively implemented in recent brain injury repair studies, include hyaluronic acid, collagen type I, alginate, chitosan, methylcellulose, Matrigel, fibrin, gellan gum, self-assembling peptides and proteins, poly(ethylene glycol), methacrylates, and methacrylamides. When viewed as tools for neuroregeneration, hydrogels can be divided into: (1) hydrogels suitable for brain injury therapy, (2) hydrogels that do not meet basic therapeutic requirements and (3) promising hydrogels which meet the criteria for further investigations. Our analysis shows that fibrin, collagen I and self-assembling peptide-based hydrogels display very attractive properties for neuroregeneration.

© 2018 Dynasty Publishing House. All rights reserved. The objective. To study the level of knowledge of paediatricians on problems of antimicrobial therapy of respiratory tract infection with determination and analysis of the most common mistakes. Materials and methods. In 2016-2017, knowledge of antimicrobial therapy of respiratory tract infections in children was tested among 238 paediatricians in five cities (Yekaterinburg, Kirov, Novosibirsk, Surgut, Ufa). Testing included twenty stem questions composed according to modern clinical guidelines. Five answer choices were offered to each question, of which one or several were correct. Assessment of the results took into account both chosen and unchosen answers (maximally possible score was 100). The result of 91-100 scores was assessed as «excellent », 81-90 - «good», 71-80 - «satisfactory», 70 and less - «unsatisfactory». Results. The average score was 70.5. In different cities the average score was as follows: in Yekaterinburg - 71.7, in Kirov - 73.8, in Novosibirsk - 74, in Surgut - 69.3, in Ufa - 63.5. Only one physician's answers were assessed as «excellent» (0.42%), answers of 40 physicians were «good» (16.81%), 88 answers - «satisfactory» (36.97%) and 109 answers - «unsatisfactory» (45.8%). Conclusion. The study has shown insufficient knowledge of paediatrician on problems of antimicrobial therapy of respiratory tract infections. These data may be used in preparing educational programmes for physicians.

© 2018, Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy. All rights reserved. The aim of this study was to modify the chemical structure and to optimize the composition of the fibrin gel for effective cell encapsulation. Materials and Methods. We prepared PEGylated fibrin gels using different fibrinogen concentrations (25–50 mg/ml) and PEG-fibrinogen molar ratio 10:1 and 5:1 and characterized them via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Within the gels, we encapsulated primary culture of fibroblasts and analyzed using light and laser confocal microscopy. Results. PEGylation of fibrinogen allowed us to achieve the gel transparency and preserve its biocompatibility. We revealed that the gel prepared from PEGylated 5:1 fibrinogen (25 mg/ml) provided the most favorable microenvironment for spreading, growth, and proliferation of fibroblasts. This PEG-fibrin gel can be used for encapsulation of different cell types that is essential for various approaches in tissue engineering and diagnostic systems.

© COPYRIGHT SPIE. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only. We have performed the in vitro terahertz (THz) spectroscopy of human brain tumors. In order to fix tissues for the THz measurements, we have applied the gelatin embedding. It allows for preserving tissues from hydration/dehydration and sustaining their THz response similar to that of the freshly-excised tissues for a long time after resection. We have assembled an experimental setup for the reflection-mode measurements of human brain tissues based on the THz pulsed spectrometer. We have used this setup to study in vitro the refractive index and the amplitude absorption coefficient of 2 samples of malignant glioma (grade IV), 1 sample of meningioma (grade I), and samples of intact tissues. We have observed significant differences between the THz responses of normal and pathological tissues of the brain. The results of this paper highlight the potential of the THz technology in the intraoperative neurodiagnosis of tumors relying on the endogenous labels of tumorous tissues.