Репозиторий Университета

© 2018 Dynasty Publishing House. All rights reserved. The review deals with specificities of interactions between decidual cells and cells of the maternal immune system. Literature data about involvement of decidual cells in initiation of the immune process are presented. The role of decidual cells in the formation of immunological tolerance due to variously secreted and expressed cytokine molecules that control sequential reproductive events has been shown. In the decidual membrane, complex interaction between decidual cells and cells of the maternal immune system occurs, aimed at ensuring immunological tolerance of the «mother-fetus» system. Impairment of this process leads to the development of gestational complications, including loss of a pregnancy.

© 2018 Ruslania. All rights reserved. This literature review is devoted to modem notions about molecular mechanism of action of the selective modulators of progesterone receptors. The superfamily of nuclear receptors represents ligand-activated transcription factors and includes receptors for steroid hormones, lipophilic vitamins, sterols, and bile acids. These receptors serve as targets for creating numerous drugs. As a result, a new class of compounds (ligands) appeared exhibiting agonistic/partial agonistic/antagonistic functional activities depending on the context (tissue or gene target). This class of ligands is called selective modulators of nuclear receptors. Initially, mifepristone was developed as the progesterone receptor antagonist, but further it demonstrated the properties of a selective modulator of progesterone receptor and became the ancestor of this group. At present, the development of new selective modulators of progesterone receptor is aimed at obtaining higher selectivity with respect to progesterone receptors and decreasing the anti-androgenic and anti-glucocorticoid properties. Unfortunately, most of the subsequent selective modulators of progesterone receptors exhibited hepatotoxicity, which limited their wide introduction into clinical practice.

© 2018, Bionika Media Ltd. All rights reserved. Relative and absolute hyperestrogenism and a change in the estradiol/progesterone (E2/P) ratio are of great importance in the pathogenesis of fibrocystic breast disease, which justifies the choice of progesterones for pathogenetic therapy. Transdermal progesterone gel is recommended in accordance with the instruction for medical use as monotherapy for this disease. Clinical findings show that the transdermal administration of progesterone is effective in reducing not only mastalgia, but also the number of cysts. A survey of physicians has demonstrated that unregistered drugs for this indication are used to treat fibrocystic breast disease. If there are indications, pharmacotherapy should be performed strictly in accordance with the instruction for medical use, which always contains information regarding what specific benign breast disease is treated with this drug, whether it is used as alone or as part of standard combination therapy, and which specific symptom should be eliminated if the drug is used symptomatically.