Репозиторий Университета

© 2019 Elsevier B.V. Previous studies have highlighted interactions between serotonergic systems and adverse early life experience as important gene x environment determinants of risk of stress-related psychiatric disorders. Evidence suggests that mice deficient in Tph2, the rate-limiting enzyme for brain serotonin synthesis, display disruptions in behavioral phenotypes relevant to stress-related psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to determine how maternal separation in wild-type, heterozygous, and Tph2 knockout mice affects mRNA expression of serotonin-related genes. Serotonergic genes studied included Tph2, the high-affinity, low-capacity, sodium-dependent serotonin transporter (Slc6a4), the serotonin type 1a receptor (Htr1a), and the corticosterone-sensitive, low-affinity, high-capacity sodium-independent serotonin transporter, organic cation transporter 3 (Slc22a3). Furthermore, we studied corticotropin-releasing hormone receptors 1 (Crhr1) and 2 (Crhr2), which play important roles in controlling serotonergic neuronal activity. For this study, offspring of Tph2 heterozygous dams were exposed to daily maternal separation for the first two weeks of life. Adult, male wild-type, heterozygous, and homozygous offspring were subsequently used for molecular analysis. Maternal separation differentially altered serotonergic gene expression in a genotype- and topographically-specific manner. For example, maternal separation increased Slc6a4 mRNA expression in the dorsal part of the dorsal raphe nucleus in Tph2 heterozygous mice, but not in wild-type or knockout mice. Overall, these data are consistent with the hypothesis that gene x environment interactions, including serotonergic genes and adverse early life experience, play an important role in vulnerability to stress-related psychiatric disorders.

© 2018 Dynasty Publishing House. All rights reserved. The review deals with specificities of interactions between decidual cells and cells of the maternal immune system. Literature data about involvement of decidual cells in initiation of the immune process are presented. The role of decidual cells in the formation of immunological tolerance due to variously secreted and expressed cytokine molecules that control sequential reproductive events has been shown. In the decidual membrane, complex interaction between decidual cells and cells of the maternal immune system occurs, aimed at ensuring immunological tolerance of the «mother-fetus» system. Impairment of this process leads to the development of gestational complications, including loss of a pregnancy.

© Sergey D. Batoev. The government’s incorporation of the vast territory of the Transbaikal region did not initially involve broad socio-economic development of this region. Gradually, it became clearly understood that for the successful development of the economically advantageous territory it was necessary to solve a number of issues related to the organization of public health care, in particular for women and children. Military and economic measures alone would not ensure the social wellbeing of both the indigenous population and Transbaikal’s new arrivals. The indigenous population,s traditional way of life, the confessional differences between those living in the territory and the severe climatic and geographic conditions slowed the spread of public medicine in this region. The constant shortage of qualified medical personnel, the small number of medical institutions and serious financial difficulties exacerbated the difficult situation. The first measures taken in the social policy field concerned the foundation of the Irkutsk Order of Public Charity in March 1784, but they were not successful in any serious way. State medical care remained inaccessible, therefore the population continued to mainly use folk and Tibetan medicine methods. A definite turning point was observed in the middle of the 19th century. It was then that the first children’s shelters, and the first obstetric institutions for female prisoners appeared. However, it was only at the beginning of the 20th century that obstetric and gynecological hospital beds were introduced in the city hospital in the regional center in Chita. The author of the article notes that for two centuries, during which the territory of Transbaikal was part of the Russian Empire, there were some positive changes in the provision of medical care, including medical care for women and children. Significant financial investment and highly qualified personnel were required for the development of medicine in pre-revolutionary Transbaikal. Attempts by society, including medical organizations, to influence the existing system of medical care without a legislative base and corresponding government support were doomed to failure. There was a need for a radical transformation of health care, including in the field of women’s and children’s health.

© Bionika Media Ltd. Objective. To study the most important aspects of maternal mortality from preeclampsia, eclampsia, the current clinical features of the most severe forms of this complication of pregnancy, as well as main defects in rendering qualified medical care, including those in the development of complications. Subjects and methods. A confidential audit of maternal mortality was conducted in different regions of the Russian Federation in 2013-2015. A total of 270 anonymous copies of primary medical records were analyzed. Results. The features of development and progression of the most severe forms of preeclampsia and eclampsia were identified. The development of preeclampsia in the presence of previous extragenital diseases was seen in most clinical cases. Early clinical manifestation is characteristic in the vast majority of women; and the non-classical (atypical) clinical picture of the disease is also common. Conclusion. Practical activities are proposed, which are aimed at reducing maternal mortality from preeclampsia in Russia.